Chapter 2 - Behavior

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The desire and the will to do something

Question 2

Locus of control

Answer 2

A concept examining the extent to which a person believes he or she can influence the external environment

Question 3

Learning theories

Answer 3

Behavioral modification perspective stating that most behaviors are learned and maintained under complex schedules of reinforcement and anticipated outcomes

Question 4

Problem-solving model

Answer 4

Behavioral modification model proposing that many behaviors are the result of making decisions as the individual seeks to solve the problem behavior

Question 5

Social cognitive theory

Answer 5

Behavior modification model holding that behavior change is influenced by the environment, self-efficacy, and characteristics of the behavior itself

Question 6

Relapse prevention model

Answer 6

Behavioral modification model based on the principle that high-risk situations can be anticipated through the development of strategies to prevent lapses and relapses

Question 7

Transtheoretical model

Answer 7

Behavioral modification model proposing that change is accomplished through a series of progressive stages in keeping with a person’s readiness to change

Question 8

Self-efficacy

Answer 8

One’s belief in the ability to perform a given task

Question 9

Lapse

Answer 9

To slip or fall back temporarily into unhealthy behavior(s); short-term failure to maintain healthy behaviors

Question 10

Relapse

Answer 10

To slip or fall back into unhealthy behavior(s) over a longer time; longer-term failure to maintain healthy behaviors

Question 11

Precontemplation stage

Answer 11

Stage of change in the transthreoretical model in which an individual is unwilling to change behavior

Question 12

Contemplation stage

Answer 12

Stage of change in the transthreoretical model in which the individual is considering changing behavior within the next six months

Question 13

Preparation stage

Answer 13

Stage of change in the transthreoretical model in which the individual is getting ready to make a change within the next month

Question 14

Action stage

Answer 14

Stage of change in the transthreoretical model in which the individual is actively changing a negative behavior or adopting a new, healthy behavior

Question 15

Maintenance stage

Answer 15

Stage of change in the transthreoretical model in which the individual maintains behavior change for up to five years

Question 16

Termination/adoption stage

Answer 16

Stage of change in the transthreoretical model in which the individual has eliminated an undesirable behavior or maintained a positive behavior for more than five years

Question 17

Processes of change

Answer 17

Actions that help you achieve change in behavior

Question 18

Behavior modification

Answer 18

The process of permanently changing negative behaviors to positive behaviors that will lead to better health and well-being

Question 19

Techniques of change

Answer 19

Methods or procedures used during each process of change

Question 20

Goals

Answer 20

The ultimate aims toward which effort is directed

Question 21

SMART (goals)

Answer 21

An acronym used in reference to specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-specific goals

Question 22

Objectives

Answer 22

Steps required to reach a goal