Chapter 6: Brain Damage & Plasticity Flashcards
A type of brain damage caused by an interruption of the blood supply to the brain.
Stroke.
Risk factors of stroke.
Age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and the use of alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, and other drugs.
Hardening of the arteries.
Arteriosclerosis.
A condition caused by bleeding in the brain.
Cerebral hemorrhage.
A balloon-like bulge in the wall of an artery.
Aneurysm.
Blockages of blood vessels, leading to inadequate blood flow.
Ischemia.
An acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both.
Traumatic brain injury.
Penetration of the skull.
Open head injuries.
Closed head injuries (unconscious or coma).
Concussions.
The site of a blow.
Coup.
The force of the blow pushes the brain against the side of the skull opposite the coup producing a second area of damage.
Countercoup.
Bleeding because of a coup.
Subdural hematoma.
Outcomes of this include lack of concentration, reduction in processing speed, and deficits in higher-order cognitive functions such as attention and memory.
Post-concussion syndrome (PCS).
A type of brain damage caused by repeated concussions.
Chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI).
Also known as “Boxer’s syndrome.” Symptoms include slurred speech, memory impairment, personality changes, lack of coordination, and a Parkinson like syndrome.
Dementia pugilistica.
An independent growth of tissue that lacks purpose.
Tumor.
A type of abnormal cell growth that, lacking boundaries, invades the surrounding tissue and is very likely to recur following surgical removal.
Malignant tumor.
The migration of cancerous cells from one part of the body to another.
Metastasis.
An abnormal cell growth that develops within its own membrane and is unlikely to recur following surgery to remove it.
Benign tumor.
