Chapter 6 biology Flashcards
is the ability to do work
energy
the energy of motion,
such as a person running, a gun firing, or
water running down a drain.
Kinetic Energy
stored energy whose
capacity to accomplish work is not being
used at the moment.
Potential Energy
When we do work, our body converts this
chemical potential energy into a type of
kinetic energy called
mechanical energy
The food we eat is
a type of potential energy that is stored
as- (ex. carbs, proteins, fats)
chemical energy
2 laws of thermodynamics
- The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
- Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of useable energy.
The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell is called
metabolism
substances that participate
in a reaction.
reactants
substances that are formed
from a reaction.
products
are numbers written in front
of a reactant or product to make each
side equal
coefficients
the 2 metabolic pathways
catabolic pathways, anabolic pathways
release energy
by breaking down larger molecules to
smaller ones.
catabolic pathway
use energy from
catabolic pathways to build large
molecules from smaller ones.
anabolic pathway
reactions that require input of
energy (which is most often
ATP energy in cells.)
endergonic reactions
Metabolism includes
spontaneous reactions
exergonic reactions
The minimum amount of energy needed
for reactants to form products in a
chemical reaction
activation energy
are molecules that speed up
chemical reactions without itself being
affected by the reaction.
enzymes
what helps a reactant turn into a product
catalyst
The nonprotein organic molecules are
called coenzymes and consist of
- NAD
- FAD
3.NADP
is when an
inhibitor molecule bonds to an enzyme to
decrease its activity.
enzyme inhibition
occurs where
the molecule that inhibits attaches to the
enzyme at a place on the enzyme other
than the active site.
noncompetitive inhibition
occurs when the
inhibitor molecule competes with the
substrate for the active site, which keeps
products from forming.
competitive inhibition
refers to the loss of electrons.
oxidation
refers to the gain of electrons.
reduction
works together but opposites
photosynthesis and respirations
