chapter 4 biology Flashcards
eukaryotic
has a nucleus, and membrane bound organelles
nucleus
boss of the cell
prokaryotic
cells the lack a membrane and is a single celled organisms
ribosomes
made in the nucleolus, build up protein
nucleolus pores
ribosomes exit out of the nucleolus
rough ER
has ribosomes
smooth ER
does not have ribosomes but is used for lipids/phospholipids
endoplasmic reticulum
creates space for Ribosomes to make protein; smooth and rough
golgi apparatus
packages protein
lysosomes
it digests worn out organelles (cleans up)
vesicles
the package the protein is carried in
autophagy
it is the act of lysosomes getting rid of worn out organelles
vacuoles
sac used to store food, enzymes, waste; storage
peroxisomes
it breaks down fatty acid
chromoplast
pigment in plants besides green (red, yellow, etc.)
microbodies
a cell’s membrane-bound vesicles
that have special enzymes that perform certain metabolic functions
chloroplast
organelles that capture light energy and convert it to physical energy through photosynthesis “solar generators”
chlorophyll
makes the plants green
mitochondria
converts food (sugar) into energy (ATP energy)
cristae and matrix
the two membranes that make up the mitochondria
thylakoid
flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place; green pancake
granum
stack of thylakoid
H2O2
hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen peroxide
when oxygen leaves, it turns into water
cytoskeleton
made up of 3 types of structures:
1.) Actin Filaments (microfilaments)
2.) Intermediate Filaments
3.) Microtubules
1.) Actin Filaments (microfilaments)
2.) Intermediate Filaments
3.) Microtubules
help in structure; move things around
centrioles
organelles made of microtubules in sets of 3 that function during cell division. Located in the cytoplasm of animal and protist cells
flagella
whip-like; has a “tail”
cilia
oar-like; has “legs”
motor molecules
aided by movement using actin filaments; “motor proteins”
