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chapter 6 and 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Europa plan
suggested by who

A

a large-scale rescue plan to exchange European Jews for money (ransom remaining Jews off)

Rabbi WeissMandel

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2
Q

why did the Europa Plan fail?

A

bc couldnt raise money in America
American Jews felt it was illegal

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3
Q

what did Rabbi WeissMandel try to get the allies to do

who did he get caught by

why did the allies refuse

A

bomb railways

germans sent him to aushwitz but he jumped out of the train on the way there

would send planes out of way - would get in way of war effort
although allies were bombing miles away form gas chambers

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4
Q

who is george mandel-mantello

A

a religious wealthy romanian jew who tried to help as many jews as he can - trying ot get them to emigrate to EY and western countries

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5
Q

what did America/Pres Roosevelt do in the war

A

Refugee Board Mission

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6
Q

what is the Refugee Board Mission

was it successful

A

help remaining jews in europe

saved 200,000 jews

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7
Q

why did rooselvelt do this

A

found out congress would embarss him publicily by voting and deciding on tehir own to set up the board

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8
Q

what does germany decide dot do in june 1944

A

destroy jews of hungary

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9
Q

what did the germans persuade the Hungarian govt to do

A

deport hungarian jews
400,000 were sent to aushwitz

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10
Q

what is the death marches

what were the conditions

A

as germans began losing
forced jews to march to Germany

in the fall and winter
wore thin clothing
no shoes or wooden shoes
barely given food
if you fell - u would be shot on the spot
thousands of ppl died

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11
Q

in some locations what would people do to jews on death marches

A

give them food

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12
Q

once the allies came to the camps what would the soldiers give the jews
and what would happen 2 some of them

A

food
but since many of their digestive system couldn’t handle it = died

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13
Q

what would teh allies do with the dead bodies

A

mass burials in camps

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14
Q

what was the main problem for many survivors
(provide instances)

A

many of them had nowhere to go
when they would go back home - there would be ppl living there - who would be surprised to see Jews alive
those who agreed w/ hitler would attack the Jews - would make the area dangerous
to send a message to the Jews to not come back

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15
Q

What was Kieltc

A

Pogrom
organised attack on jews to send a message to not come back

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16
Q

what did the US and the allies establish

who was this for

and how would it help jews find family

A

Displaced Persons Camps

jews who had nowhere to go

they would write names and where they were from - send it to other camps in hopes of finding relatives

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17
Q

warsaw ghetto uprising

what did the jews do

what were the results from their actions

A

threw bombs

german soliders were shocked
would come back w/ more soldiers and flame throwers
would either kill survivors on the spot or taken to Treblinka or other death camps

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18
Q

summer 1942
where did germans start moving
what was their goal
who was able to stop them

A

eastward in north africa

annihalate massive jewish communities of the region - especially EY

British Army b4 Germany reached EY

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19
Q

Spring 1943
What did the Germans do to the Jews of Greece

A

destroyed the largest sephardic community
including souls and 98% of the population

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20
Q

Germany towards Hungary jews:

What happened as a result of this

A

would deport them rapidly to aushwitgz using trains

the commander in charge of Aushwitz - Rudolph Hess
had to call EIchmann to slow down operate
couldn’t handle the largest of amount of jews being sent to gas chambers

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21
Q

who did Rabbi Weissmandel and Mrs.Fleischman lead

what did rabbi weissmandel spend 2 yrs trying to do

A

Slovakian Jews underground

bribe slovikan guards to stop deportation = failed

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22
Q

day after day starting may 15 1944 what would happen
regarding jews and trains

A

there would be trains filed with 12,000 jews to aushwitgz

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23
Q

who did the Hungarian govt get enormous pressure from

to do what and what happened

A

king of Sweden begged leader of Hungary to save remains jews in the name of humanity
deportations finally stopped

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24
Q

the Germans were furious Hungary stopped their trains
so what did they do

A

deposed leader
installed their own govt
then tens of thousands of jews were killed by Hungarian Arrow Cross soldiers in Budapest

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25
who is Raoul Wallenberg what did he do what about his family
a nonjew Swedish diplomat saved 10,000s of Hungarian jews gave up a comfortable secure career and life-style to work on behalf of the jewish people went to EY and remained there - believing in the right of the jews to the promised land most imp and wealthy fam
26
after war refugee board was set up what did Wallenberg do
set up safe houses for jews in Budapest under swedish and Swiss protection provided jews with Swedish papers carried food to jews on death marches and succeeded in jews getting released
27
what ended up happening to Wallenberg
kiddnapped by Russians and sent to Russian labor camp
28
1944 - who were Germans rounding up and killing who
jews of greek islands
29
what happened to jews of rhodes
sephardic jews snatched sent on a 2 week journey - no food to birkenau
30
what happened to jews of crete what day
loaded on boat with other german enemies including italian soliders shipwrecked and everyone drowned june 6, 1944
31
what else happened on june 6 1944
jews of corfu were arrested and semt to aushwitz
32
how did george mandel - mantello help the jews of europe who helped him
opened up operation w/ consulate to mass produce salvadoran citizenship which he snet to 1,000s of jew refugees jewish and christian studnets
33
did geroge mandel - mantello earn money for his work
no never took a penny
34
when jews of hungary came under attack what did GMM do
organized rescue efforts in switzerlsnd - contacted friends to find out how things were doing
35
who did GMM send where did he send him what did he carry with him
his friend DR. E Florian Manoliu to Bistriz town where GMM's parents were still living thousands of protective citizen ship papers for any jews in town hoped to save GMM's parents and many of the towns jews
36
what happened when DR. E Florian Manoliu arrived
all jews had been taken to auschwitz and GMM's parents had long been killed
37
where did DR. E Florian Manoliu go after bistriz what did he do there what did he get
to budapest gave protection papers to a jewish leader Moshe Krausz two copies of the report from rabbi weissmandel that contained the interview of the two escapees from aushwitz
38
what was the interview about whatt happened to the news of this interview
british news director - mr.walter garret who received govt permission to send word of what was taking place n aushwitz to western embassies in switzerland reported by akmost all swiss newspapers - reported over 12,000 jews were murdered everyday in aushwitz - GMM was a contributing factoring in getting th news around the world
39
after the news was reported over all swiss newspapers what did western govt begin doing
serious and strong protest against the deportation of the remaining jews in hungary
40
who is pinchas rosenbaum
a hungarian jew who was a talmud chacham and tzadik son of a rabbi genius in learning torah learnt with older boys think of new interpreations of the tanach on the spot became a rabbi at 18
41
when pinchas was forced to labor on shabbat in the camp did he what happened as a result
quietly refused he was beatean with other orthodox jews liutenant officer came to review what wa shappening - pinchas told him he wanst going to work and they can kill him if they would like hungarian lieutent let him and other orthodox jews to rest with the fact they would make up the work during the week
42
when pinchas escaped the camp what happened
made contact with other groups of jews to save jews from nazis their group was called hatzalah went undercover as a hungarian nazi solider - offered to take any assignment no matter the danger
43
when pinchas was in the hatzalah group what did he wear under his solider uniform
his tzit
44
after pinchas would "arrest" the jews what would he say to them
shalom aleichem u r free now
45
how would pinchas protect him and the jews in the car
arranged protection for them through a righteous swiss non-jew, karl lutz
46
when pinchas went to labor camps what did he do
smuggle out jews and send them fake documents from foreign embassies enabled jews to go free under swedish or swiss protection
47
when pinchas was in budapest who did he save and how
group of young boys in ghetto would send them out to work - reveal himself place them to Glass House (largets safe house in budapest) and over 2,000 jews received protection in the building
48
who else did pinchas work with what did they do together
Mr.Karl Lutz - swiss consul in budapest saved over 25,000 jews by issuing protective papers called Schutzpasses - did it w/ no authroative permission
49
would pinchas visit the glass house often what would he do there
yes he would lead davening provided spiritual and physical help
50
what happened as the hungarian govt collapsed
germans and hungarians were on a reign of terror through budapest arresting jews mudering them along thr danube river dragged jews to death marches and hard labor
51
when boys were sent to the battle field for the last battle in hungary what did pinchas do
arrived at battle front and waved a piece of paper showing he had orders to reov this "jewish filth: to another detachment and they were instantly released pinchas took them to proteceted house suntil after the war
52
what happened to the righetous non-jew Mr.Luts
swiss govt prosecuted him and removed him from his diplomatic post for "illegal activity" (saving jews w/o permission( took away his pension
53
how did pinchas help mr.lutz
helped him financilaly for his family for the rest of his life
54
where did pincha =s move to after being a rav in hungary
geneva switzerland a house full of chesed
55
When did Mrs.Renee Reichman begin her chesed
Received a letter from another Jew from Vienna That a certain Mrs.Klein who had moved to America asked if Mrs.Reichman would send a package of food to a relative of hers to the concentration camp
56
After Mrs.Reichmann sent that first package of food What did it lead her to do
To start sending packages to Jews who were working in the slave camps
57
How was Mrs.Reichmann able to send food packages to the Jew slaves
Her brother (yechezkel) who still lived in Slovakia sent her over 1800 names of Slovakian Jews (mostly young women) who had been working in AUSHWITZ
58
How was Mrs Reichman able to send 2000 packages
Approached wealthy Jews for money Got help from poor Jewish children of Tangier’s to help her tie and pack the packages
59
We’re the Jews in the camps able to send their gratitude towards Mrs Reichman
Yes the Germans let Jews write back so they can tell the Red Cross they let Jews write to their friends
60
Did Mrs Reichman receive any government help
The Spanish who controlled the part of Morocco she lived in Helped her by making believer nothing unusual was going on
61
Story of Chaya Meiselman
Heard her number called one day But refused to step forward They kept calling her name threading her with death She figured she had nothing to lose She didn’t get killed She was called to the gestapo (nazi police) and received a package from Mrs.Reichmann
62
How did Mrs.Reichman help when it came to the Hungary Jews
Contacted friends in Europe to help They sent names of children and adults and asked to get Spanish government to offer permits to enter tangiers Through the help of an American diplomat in tangiers J Rives Childers - she was able to give the Jews the documents they need
63
What is the Red Cross How did they badly stain their record
International organization dedicated to helping those who are wounded or sick in war We’re fooled by German propaganda
64
How did the Germans fool TEH Red Cross
Red Cross wanted to see concentration camp So Germans showed them Terezin, Theresienstadt And they prettied up the town Painted buildings to look like stores Even opened up a cafe Temporarily housed the Jews Even took pictures and film of the “happy Jews” for propaganda movie Once Red Cross came - agreed the Jews of Nazi Europe weren’t being treated as baldy as the “propaganda” searching German atrocities had suggested
65
What is the sad truth about all the Jews seen in the terezin propaganda movie
Most of them had been sent to AUSHWITZ
66
Who were the exceptions that were able to stay in terezin for two years What happened after the two years
Famous jew writers Musicians Artists Doctors Eventually sent to gas chambers of aushwitz
67
Did the Red Cross do anything for the Jews in the end
Took them weeks to officially protest the enormous Hungarian deportations to aushwitz After pressure from European leaders
68
When was the last gassing of Jews in auschwitz What were the Germans planning to do
November 28 1944 Retreat from camps and cover up all their terrible crimes Planned on blowing up camps like they did with treblinka
69
Did the Germans succeed in their plans of escaping
No the Russians discovered hell on earth in auschwitz
70
When we’re the camps liberated
First months of 1945
71
We’re many of the people who were rescued in the camps able to make out Who was one person who didn’t make it
We’re too weak or sick to survive Even with help of soldiers One person who didn’t make it was Anne frank
72
When did hitler kill himself What were his last word
April 29, 1945 To uphold the racial laws and mercilessly resist the universal poisoner of all nations - international Jewry
73
is it true that several imp jewish leaders tzadikim and famous secular leaders predicted that a horrible tragedy would fall upon European Jewry did the jews listen
yes didnt take them seriously
74
when there was action against their soliders how did the germans respond examples (Czestochowa and treblinks)
took extreme revenge 1) jewish resistance group killed 25 soldiers germans shot 250 old ppl and children 2) jew throw grenade at one german germans killed dozens of jews
75
before killing the jews what were the germans interested in doing why
dehumanizing them remove huminty and g-dliness in them help support the idea that jews were less yuman than other ppl
76
examples of germans dehumanizing jews
1) stripped them all of their clothes in public in concentration camps 2)encouraged jews to fight w/ each other for scraps of food 3) gave numbers on their clothes at camp (aushwitz arms as well)
77
who is rabbi menachem ziemba what was his heroic action was he in favor of the jewish revolt against germans
halachic expert in all of poland was offered refuge by a local church declined to stay in ghetto with the jewish ppl gave his brecha and halachic decision in favor of revolt
78
what is Sonderkommando
groups of jews who cleaned out gas chambers after everyone else was killed
79
how did the aushwitz revol unfolded
sonderkommando jews would hurl upon the germans would hammers n axes germans would come back w/ machine guns
80
who r the 4 jewssess that were arrested how did they die
roza robota ella gartner toszka regina hung in front of all the women
81
what does the aushwitz revolt show
courage jews had
82
where else did jes revolt
treblinka - blew up parts of camp sobibor - most successful
83
how did germans respond to successful sobibor revolt
conducted a massacre in madjaek called Harvest Festival
84
how would partisans revolt
blow up bridges and roads germans used
85
what is jewish otriads
family camps groups of shetter 4 family and individual jews sought to protect n save every jew
86
who is tuvia bielski
was part of family camps with his brothers his goal was to save any and all jew that can reach him

Holocaust (5 decks)

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