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Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what happened in June 1941

A

Germany invaded russia

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2
Q

what is einsatgruppen
what would happen
how many died

A

special duty groups who murded jews

jews dug their own graves and were shot into the pits by shooting squads
would follow a german army and march to forests in eastern europe

a million and half shot by this group

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3
Q

why didnt the jews run

A

had no ideas

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4
Q

who recommended they run

A

rabbi shimon rozowsky

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5
Q

what did rabbi shimon rozowsky recommend

A

to run

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6
Q

why didn’t the older people want to leave

A

didnt want to leave fam
didnt know if they can provide for fam or didn’t know where to stay

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7
Q

story about Tzvi

A

he was abt to get shot but he dodged bullet and fell into pit
felt dead bodies on top of him
made it out by crawling out of pit through dead bodies

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8
Q

judenfrei meaning

A

free of jews

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9
Q

where did Tzvi go after running away

A

widows house by lying he was Jesus
promised to bless her house, farm, children and her

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10
Q

what would communist russian alies of hitler do

A

block all news of what the germans were doing to the jews

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11
Q

Einsatgropper: problems

what did it waste?

was it efficient?

what about the local population?

how would the german soldiers suffer?

A

1) ammunition

2) inefficent

3) ukraine + lithuania were ok during this didnt say anything but other countries would see and say something

4) would get PTSD - Germans cared about their soliders mental health not how Jews felt seeing their family killed

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12
Q

was there an official document stating hitler told germans to kill the jews

A

no

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13
Q

how did the germans know to kill the jews

A

hitler would hint it out enough for soldiers to understand

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14
Q

how to kill jews more efficently - solving einsatgropper problems

how did they make it more efficent

A

filled a van with jews took exhaust pipe and droe around until carbon monoxide killed them - killed 50-60 ppl

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15
Q

what did the germans do so the jews wouldn’t rebel

A

tricked them

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16
Q

did they used a lot of soliders

A

used minium amt to kill more ppl

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17
Q

how many jews survived in chelmna (camp)

A

only 2

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18
Q

what would the soliders do to avoid moving equipment around

A

bring jews to gas

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19
Q

who is Heydrich

A

second in command of Stormtrooper (SS)
in charge fo a meeting that counted all
it was his idea and he built special camps to kill every JEw

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20
Q

what kind of ppl were in concentration camps

A

all types of ppl

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21
Q

how many types of camps

A

100

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22
Q

how did jews/ppl in concentration camps die

A

worked to death or unti killed by guards

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23
Q

what was Mauthausen

what was it known as

what would ppl have to do

A

a CONCENTRATION camp

“148 steps of death”

have to run up narrows stairs carrying 100 lb boulders while being beaten

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24
Q

how many death camps

and their names

A

6

1) chelmno

2) majdonek

3) treblinka

4) belzec

5) solbiber

6) Aushwitz-Birkenau (both death and concentraion)

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25
what else was included with the concentration camps
slave labor camps trasit camps death camps
26
what was the reason for the death camps
to clear out ghettos and ship ppl to death camps murdered two hrs after getting off train
27
where in poland would they place death camps and why
different parts to make it easier to transport ppl
28
what did they use to transport Jews were jews able to sit
cattle carts no had to stand
29
how long would the train ride be? would they be given any food?
1-5 days one loaf of bread
30
how did some german jews get to the death camps and why
in regular transit trains able to sit if they had won war medals in WW1
31
what did ppl working in the death camps have to do
clean out train carts with dead bodies
32
how were the jews persuaded to get on the trains did the jews bring anything
more food told they were being resettled some were forced told they were moving to new place so they brought a suitcase
33
what did the slave labor jews in the death camps know
what would happen to ppl who arrivied on trains
34
were the jews working in the death camps able to tell people the truth
no it was illegal and if they did = get shot
35
what were the germans aware of and what would they do with this info
aware of jewish calenda woyld choose to torture jews on jewish holidays
36
what had to be handed over to the SS
jewlery, gold, money, good clothing
37
who did the germans find
non-jews willing to participate in einsatzgruppen
38
hwo did the non jews partciapte
would round up their jewish neighbor or watched or helped with the killing
39
after the jews were marched out f town what would some non jews do
looted and robbed their homes
40
what would a smal amount of non jews do and what type of non jews
hid jews ukrainian, lithuanian and poland
41
Yaffa Eilach - town masscare what happened
on rosh hashanna jew of eisysky and nearby towns watched their shuls be destroyed rabbi shimon rozowsky declared jew should fight back
42
rabbi shimon rozowsky did ppl support him
some did but some opposed him
43
who led the opposition against rabbi shimon rozowsky and what happened
Yossef Wildenburg they won
44
who was the hazan with rabbi shimon rozowsky
Mr.tabolsky
45
what did rabii shimon rozowsky and mr.tabolsky do
held the holy torah scrolls and led the congregation in reciting Vidduy - confession of dying
46
jews who were grouped in groups of 250 what would happen to them
taken to old Jewish cemeterys in front of open dithed and would be shot in back of head by lithuian guards with encouragement and help of local ppl
47
who would be killed first
men
48
who supervised the killing how did he dress what did he reserve for himself what did he practice
the chief executionor Lithuanian Ostrovakas white apron and gloves shooting the towns notables like Rabbi SHimon Rozowsky sharpshooting
49
before zvi left what did he tell the women he stayed by
to keep the lords visit a secret because of His special mission on earth
50
after zvi left the woman’s house pretending to be Jesus where did he go and what was born
nearby forest Jewish partisan movement
51
how many polish ans russian jews succeded escaping the germans and how
half million russian 300,000 polish becaus ethey lived in russia or because they ran further east into russian interior
52
what did russian armies do
evacute entire towns including jew s- taking them eastward
53
how wer ethe million jews in russia Poland and ukraine caught by surprise ex:
rounded up and killed in forests of russia and Poland in only 3 days in Babi Yar over 33,000 jews shot to death
54
what did the german officer sin charge of "reseeting" the European jews realize and what kind of wording would they use
not all of europe non jews would conset to having jews killed in their own backyard didn't use harsh word like killing would use eupheminism like resettling and special treatmen
55
how did the dutch react when they found out their fellow jews were being killed how did germany react how did jews react
staged a protest strike threatened to murder 100s of jews dutch jews begged to stop and the dutch did
56
after the gas vans what did they begin to use
gas chambers
57
what was the new german policy and what was the center piece
The Final SOlution and gassing
58
who was one of the ppl who escape Chelmno
Yaakov Grojanowski
59
what did Yaakov Grojanowski do when he escaped
went to polish jewish community warned them of what awaited them when local rav heard thus instructed all young jews to escape Yaakov then risked his life and tried to reach Warsaw 0 one of the biggest jewish communities
60
one of the leaders of Warsaw Ghetto what did he do how did he die
Emanuel Ringelbaum wrote a diary of his experiences which he buried in ghetto killed in treblinka death camp
61
who killed yugoslavian jews and where who helped them and how
Croat soliders (allies of hitler) and some Bosnian Muslims in camps of their own making Muslim Leader Of Jerusalem HajAmin Al Husseini made special trips to berlin - met with hitler and Yugoslavia tried stoping jews from coming to EY encouraged local Muslims to help in killing of jews
62
what was scheduled for the roman jews what happened
for deportation and murder at Belzec death camp government changed their mind
63
why did the romian govt change their mind
romanian jeews paid enormous bribes to corrupt romian govt
64
which romian leader did hitler praise
Ion Antonescu
65
who was the presidnet of romania and what did he notice what was happening behind the scenes
Antonsecu noticed germany was losing hoped new attitude toward jews would make him less cruel to the ALlies so they ould sign a peace treaty w/ him influential men and women were taking advantage of allies success and the worsening german political fortune they too applied great pressure of govt officials in effort to save remaining Jews of romania
66
an example of jews receiving help from romania
Chief Rabbi Dr.Safran received help from the Vatican rep in Romania, and other countries They and leading Christians spoke to people in control and helped stall the death trains 100s of thousands of jews were saved
67
where did surviving romanian jews and their children go
made an aliyah to EY - 40 yrs after the war
68
What is the Wansee Conference
in 1942 many extremely imp german leaders met in Wansee (suburb of Berlin) to share info on the number of jews left in Europe (and north Africa) to discuss the final solution to the "jew problem"
69
who chaired the meeting
Reinhard Heydrich - second in command in SS
70
who was in charge of coordinating the murder of European Jewry
Adolph Eichmann
71
who did Heydrich and Eichmann answer to
Heinrich Himmler - head of SS
72
there were number of ideas on how to deal with the jews what was the final decision made in this meeting
to kill them
73
in spring of 1941 what did Hitler do
he gave oral order to Himmler who passed the news to Heydrich and Eichmann
74
was the order of killing the jews ever in writing
no
75
who didnt attend the wansee conferenece
Hitler and Himmler
76
what were germans encouraged by
the fact that no country seemed to be interested in letting Jews into their borders
77
what was listed at the Wansee meeting
each country in europe w/ number of jews living in their borders (11 million)
78
what was the final decision of the wansee conferenec
all jews would be deported to death camps in Poland to be killed
79
what happened in concentration camps
people worked there until they died
80
how else were jews tortured in concentraion camps
would be hung up by their hands up on trees
81
who is Mr. Jack Werber
one of the men who survived the war helped rescue 700 Jewish Children in Buchenwald
82
purpose of death camps
built by germans only for purpose of killing people
83
famous concentration camps
Dachau Buchenwald Bergen-Belsen Mauthausen
84
who was the majority that was shipped to the concentration camps
JEWS
85
what did the concentration camps have
slave labor camps trasit camps
86
names of death camp
Chelmno Sobibor Belzec Treblinka Auschwitz-Birkenau Majdanek
87
which two death camps also served as concentration camps
Auschwits and Majdanek
88
ABOUT HIMMLER FACTS
Himmler - Chief of SS the establishment of the death vamps commanded the attention and direction of who
89
where did Himmler visit and what command did he give over
Lubin Area to accomplish massacre and complete annihilation of polish jewry by the end of the calendar year Dec 31 1942
90
Himmler made an exception to his accomplish massacre and annihalte jews command who got this exception give names
small number of ghettos who were reduced Warsaw Bialystock Lodz
91
what would the small number of ghettos have to do
the remainder of jews were alllowed ot live there for the sake of immediate labor needs - then killed off
92
who agreed to finish off the remainder of the jews in ghettos
Himmlers underlings
93
what was Chelmno working daily to do
destroy Jews of Lodz
94
what were Sobibor and Belzec created for
to help expedite the destruction of massive jewish communities in eastern and southern Poland included cities of Lublin, Lvov, Cracow - had 10s f 1,000s of jews
95
what was treblinka specifically built for
murder of remaining 380,000 jews of warsaw
96
how many jews already died in warsaw
100,000
97
when was Treblinka opened
Tishah B'Av 1942
98
besides killing the jews what was another command of himmler
to cremate all the corpses
99
which death camp was lagging in cremating the corpses
Treblinka
100
after Himmler visited Treblinka and Sobibor what did he command
to destroy all evidence at Treblinka
101
who was forced to destroy the evidence in Treblinka
Jewish slaves
102
where else did concealing the evidence take place
Ukraine Lithuania Latvia Belorussia
103
when Himmler visited Sobibor what happened
he came to see the gassing in action there were no jews arriving that day a special request was made to use the jewish slaves
104
who was chosen to be gassed
jewish girls
105
what did himmler do after watching this
him and his men went to the canteen to celebrate
106
How did HaShem send the cure before allowing the calamity to strike
The gassing didn’t occur until the America armed forces (key to military victory) were involved

Holocaust (5 decks)

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