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Holocaust > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what happened in June 1941

A

Germany invaded russia

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2
Q

what is einsatgruppen
what would happen
how many died

A

special duty groups who murded jews

jews dug their own graves and were shot into the pits by shooting squads
would follow a german army and march to forests in eastern europe

a million and half shot by this group

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3
Q

why didnt the jews run

A

had no ideas

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4
Q

who recommended they run

A

rabbi shimon rozowsky

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5
Q

what did rabbi shimon rozowsky recommend

A

to run

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6
Q

why didn’t the older people want to leave

A

didnt want to leave fam
didnt know if they can provide for fam or didn’t know where to stay

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7
Q

story about Tzvi

A

he was abt to get shot but he dodged bullet and fell into pit
felt dead bodies on top of him
made it out by crawling out of pit through dead bodies

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8
Q

judenfrei meaning

A

free of jews

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9
Q

where did Tzvi go after running away

A

widows house by lying he was Jesus
promised to bless her house, farm, children and her

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10
Q

what would communist russian alies of hitler do

A

block all news of what the germans were doing to the jews

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11
Q

Einsatgropper: problems

what did it waste?

was it efficient?

what about the local population?

how would the german soldiers suffer?

A

1) ammunition

2) inefficent

3) ukraine + lithuania were ok during this didnt say anything but other countries would see and say something

4) would get PTSD - Germans cared about their soliders mental health not how Jews felt seeing their family killed

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12
Q

was there an official document stating hitler told germans to kill the jews

A

no

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13
Q

how did the germans know to kill the jews

A

hitler would hint it out enough for soldiers to understand

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14
Q

how to kill jews more efficently - solving einsatgropper problems

how did they make it more efficent

A

filled a van with jews took exhaust pipe and droe around until carbon monoxide killed them - killed 50-60 ppl

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15
Q

what did the germans do so the jews wouldn’t rebel

A

tricked them

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16
Q

did they used a lot of soliders

A

used minium amt to kill more ppl

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17
Q

how many jews survived in chelmna (camp)

A

only 2

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18
Q

what would the soliders do to avoid moving equipment around

A

bring jews to gas

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19
Q

who is Heydrich

A

second in command of Stormtrooper (SS)
in charge fo a meeting that counted all
it was his idea and he built special camps to kill every JEw

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20
Q

what kind of ppl were in concentration camps

A

all types of ppl

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21
Q

how many types of camps

A

100

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22
Q

how did jews/ppl in concentration camps die

A

worked to death or unti killed by guards

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23
Q

what was Mauthausen

what was it known as

what would ppl have to do

A

a CONCENTRATION camp

“148 steps of death”

have to run up narrows stairs carrying 100 lb boulders while being beaten

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24
Q

how many death camps

and their names

A

6

1) chelmno

2) majdonek

3) treblinka

4) belzec

5) solbiber

6) Aushwitz-Birkenau (both death and concentraion)

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25
Q

what else was included with the concentration camps

A

slave labor camps

trasit camps

death camps

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26
Q

what was the reason for the death camps

A

to clear out ghettos and ship ppl to death camps

murdered two hrs after getting off train

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27
Q

where in poland would they place death camps
and why

A

different parts to make it easier to transport ppl

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28
Q

what did they use to transport Jews

were jews able to sit

A

cattle carts

no had to stand

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29
Q

how long would the train ride be?

would they be given any food?

A

1-5 days

one loaf of bread

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30
Q

how did some german jews get to the death camps and why

A

in regular transit trains able to sit
if they had won war medals in WW1

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31
Q

what did ppl working in the death camps have to do

A

clean out train carts with dead bodies

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32
Q

how were the jews persuaded to get on the trains

did the jews bring anything

A

more food
told they were being resettled
some were forced
told they were moving to new place so they brought a suitcase

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33
Q

what did the slave labor jews in the death camps know

A

what would happen to ppl who arrivied on trains

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34
Q

were the jews working in the death camps able to tell people the truth

A

no it was illegal and if they did = get shot

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35
Q

what were the germans aware of and what would they do with this info

A

aware of jewish calenda
woyld choose to torture jews on jewish holidays

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36
Q

what had to be handed over to the SS

A

jewlery, gold, money, good clothing

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37
Q

who did the germans find

A

non-jews willing to participate in einsatzgruppen

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38
Q

hwo did the non jews partciapte

A

would round up their jewish neighbor or watched or helped with the killing

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39
Q

after the jews were marched out f town what would some non jews do

A

looted and robbed their homes

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40
Q

what would a smal amount of non jews do
and what type of non jews

A

hid jews

ukrainian, lithuanian and poland

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41
Q

Yaffa Eilach - town masscare

what happened

A

on rosh hashanna
jew of eisysky and nearby towns watched their shuls be destroyed

rabbi shimon rozowsky declared jew should fight back

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42
Q

rabbi shimon rozowsky did ppl support him

A

some did
but some opposed him

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43
Q

who led the opposition against rabbi shimon rozowsky
and what happened

A

Yossef Wildenburg
they won

44
Q

who was the hazan with rabbi shimon rozowsky

A

Mr.tabolsky

45
Q

what did rabii shimon rozowsky and mr.tabolsky do

A

held the holy torah scrolls
and led the congregation in reciting Vidduy - confession of dying

46
Q

jews who were grouped in groups of 250 what would happen to them

A

taken to old Jewish cemeterys in front of open dithed and would be shot in back of head by lithuian guards with encouragement and help of local ppl

47
Q

who would be killed first

A

men

48
Q

who supervised the killing
how did he dress

what did he reserve for himself

what did he practice

A

the chief executionor Lithuanian Ostrovakas

white apron and gloves

shooting the towns notables like Rabbi SHimon Rozowsky

sharpshooting

49
Q

before zvi left what did he tell the women he stayed by

A

to keep the lords visit a secret because of His special mission on earth

50
Q

after zvi left the woman’s house pretending to be Jesus
where did he go

and what was born

A

nearby forest

Jewish partisan movement

51
Q

how many polish ans russian jews succeded escaping the germans and how

A

half million russian
300,000 polish
becaus ethey lived in russia or because they ran further east into russian interior

52
Q

what did russian armies do

A

evacute entire towns including jew s- taking them eastward

53
Q

how wer ethe million jews in russia Poland and ukraine caught by surprise

ex:

A

rounded up and killed in forests of russia and Poland

in only 3 days in Babi Yar over 33,000 jews shot to death

54
Q

what did the german officer sin charge of “reseeting” the European jews realize

and what kind of wording would they use

A

not all of europe non jews would conset to having jews killed in their own backyard

didn’t use harsh word like killing would use eupheminism like resettling and special treatmen

55
Q

how did the dutch react when they found out their fellow jews were being killed

how did germany react

how did jews react

A

staged a protest strike

threatened to murder 100s of jews

dutch jews begged to stop and the dutch did

56
Q

after the gas vans what did they begin to use

A

gas chambers

57
Q

what was the new german policy and what was the center piece

A

The Final SOlution and gassing

58
Q

who was one of the ppl who escape Chelmno

A

Yaakov Grojanowski

59
Q

what did Yaakov Grojanowski do when he escaped

A

went to polish jewish community
warned them of what awaited them
when local rav heard thus instructed all young jews to escape
Yaakov then risked his life and tried to reach Warsaw 0 one of the biggest jewish communities

60
Q

one of the leaders of Warsaw Ghetto

what did he do

how did he die

A

Emanuel Ringelbaum

wrote a diary of his experiences which he buried in ghetto

killed in treblinka death camp

61
Q

who killed yugoslavian jews and where

who helped them and how

A

Croat soliders (allies of hitler) and some Bosnian Muslims

in camps of their own making

Muslim Leader Of Jerusalem HajAmin Al Husseini
made special trips to berlin - met with hitler and Yugoslavia
tried stoping jews from coming to EY
encouraged local Muslims to help in killing of jews

62
Q

what was scheduled for the roman jews

what happened

A

for deportation and murder at Belzec death camp
government changed their mind

63
Q

why did the romian govt change their mind

A

romanian jeews paid enormous bribes to corrupt romian govt

64
Q

which romian leader did hitler praise

A

Ion Antonescu

65
Q

who was the presidnet of romania and what did he notice

what was happening behind the scenes

A

Antonsecu
noticed germany was losing
hoped new attitude toward jews would make him less cruel to the ALlies so they ould sign a peace treaty w/ him

influential men and women were taking advantage of allies success and the worsening german political fortune
they too applied great pressure of govt officials in effort to save remaining Jews of romania

66
Q

an example of jews receiving help from romania

A

Chief Rabbi Dr.Safran received help from the Vatican rep in Romania, and other countries
They and leading Christians spoke to people in control and helped stall the death trains
100s of thousands of jews were saved

67
Q

where did surviving romanian jews and their children go

A

made an aliyah to EY - 40 yrs after the war

68
Q

What is the Wansee Conference

A

in 1942 many extremely imp german leaders met in Wansee (suburb of Berlin) to share info on the number of jews left in Europe (and north Africa) to discuss the final solution to the “jew problem”

69
Q

who chaired the meeting

A

Reinhard Heydrich - second in command in SS

70
Q

who was in charge of coordinating the murder of European Jewry

A

Adolph Eichmann

71
Q

who did Heydrich and Eichmann answer to

A

Heinrich Himmler - head of SS

72
Q

there were number of ideas on how to deal with the jews
what was the final decision made in this meeting

A

to kill them

73
Q

in spring of 1941
what did Hitler do

A

he gave oral order to Himmler who passed the news to Heydrich and Eichmann

74
Q

was the order of killing the jews ever in writing

A

no

75
Q

who didnt attend the wansee conferenece

A

Hitler and Himmler

76
Q

what were germans encouraged by

A

the fact that no country seemed to be interested in letting Jews into their borders

77
Q

what was listed at the Wansee meeting

A

each country in europe w/ number of jews living in their borders (11 million)

78
Q

what was the final decision of the wansee conferenec

A

all jews would be deported to death camps in Poland to be killed

79
Q

what happened in concentration camps

A

people worked there until they died

80
Q

how else were jews tortured in concentraion camps

A

would be hung up by their hands up on trees

81
Q

who is Mr. Jack Werber

A

one of the men who survived the war
helped rescue 700 Jewish Children in Buchenwald

82
Q

purpose of death camps

A

built by germans only for purpose of killing people

83
Q

famous concentration camps

A

Dachau
Buchenwald
Bergen-Belsen
Mauthausen

84
Q

who was the majority that was shipped to the concentration camps

A

JEWS

85
Q

what did the concentration camps have

A

slave labor camps

trasit camps

86
Q

names of death camp

A

Chelmno
Sobibor
Belzec
Treblinka
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Majdanek

87
Q

which two death camps also served as concentration camps

A

Auschwits and Majdanek

88
Q

ABOUT HIMMLER FACTS

A

Himmler - Chief of SS
the establishment of the death vamps commanded the attention and direction of who

89
Q

where did Himmler visit
and what command did he give over

A

Lubin Area

to accomplish massacre and complete annihilation of polish jewry by the end of the calendar year Dec 31 1942

90
Q

Himmler made an exception to his accomplish massacre and annihalte jews command
who got this exception

give names

A

small number of ghettos who were reduced
Warsaw
Bialystock
Lodz

91
Q

what would the small number of ghettos have to do

A

the remainder of jews were alllowed ot live there for the sake of immediate labor needs - then killed off

92
Q

who agreed to finish off the remainder of the jews in ghettos

A

Himmlers underlings

93
Q

what was Chelmno working daily to do

A

destroy Jews of Lodz

94
Q

what were Sobibor and Belzec created for

A

to help expedite the destruction of massive jewish communities in eastern and southern Poland
included cities of Lublin, Lvov, Cracow - had 10s f 1,000s of jews

95
Q

what was treblinka specifically built for

A

murder of remaining 380,000 jews of warsaw

96
Q

how many jews already died in warsaw

A

100,000

97
Q

when was Treblinka opened

A

Tishah B’Av 1942

98
Q

besides killing the jews

what was another command of himmler

A

to cremate all the corpses

99
Q

which death camp was lagging in cremating the corpses

A

Treblinka

100
Q

after Himmler visited Treblinka and Sobibor what did he command

A

to destroy all evidence at Treblinka

101
Q

who was forced to destroy the evidence in Treblinka

A

Jewish slaves

102
Q

where else did concealing the evidence take place

A

Ukraine
Lithuania
Latvia
Belorussia

103
Q

when Himmler visited Sobibor what happened

A

he came to see the gassing in action
there were no jews arriving that day
a special request was made to use the jewish slaves

104
Q

who was chosen to be gassed

A

jewish girls

105
Q

what did himmler do after watching this

A

him and his men went to the canteen to celebrate

106
Q

How did HaShem send the cure before allowing the calamity to strike

A

The gassing didn’t occur until the America armed forces (key to military victory) were involved

Holocaust (5 decks)

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