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Holocaust > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

First stage of the Holocaust

A

Isolation

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2
Q

How did they isolate the Jews

A

first through propaganda

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3
Q

what type of propaganda did they have
(What were they saying about Jews)

A

Jews r dangerous - need to be dealt w/

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4
Q

what starts in 1933

what kind of isolation

A

boycott of jewish stores for germans

economic isolation

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5
Q

what happened after the boycott of jewish stores

A

removed Jewish citizenship

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6
Q

who took over the jewish businesses

what was illegal

what did the jews have to do

A

1) Germans

2) FOR JEWS to own businesses

3) sell their business and for cheap

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7
Q

how did Jews feel at first

A

felt like things would pass

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8
Q

why didnt jews leave

A

its not simple especially when youre older and you have a family
but easier for younger ppl to go pick up their stuff and go somewhere else

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9
Q

what and when
are the Nuremberg laws

A

1935

racial laws based upon german beliefs that jews r inferior

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10
Q

what was the basis for the german hatred

what did they did attack

A

religion
jewish blood - cannot be changed

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11
Q

germans believed jews were

legal defintiom

A

a diff race

inferior to germans

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12
Q

what was the program hitler had at the end if the 1930s

A

to get rid of mentally challenged german people

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13
Q

how did the german people react to hitlers program at the end of the 1930s
what happened as result of this

A

protested and as a result it got stopped

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14
Q

if germans protested for the mentally challenged what could be a possibility as to why they didn’t protest fro jews

A

proganada or they just didnt like jews

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15
Q

what do they start doing in the years of 1933-1939

A

teaching students propaganda against the Jews

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16
Q

what happens in 1939

how are german students affected

A

the war begins
and the students who learnt this propaganda is being drafted to the army

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17
Q

kristallnacht
where did it happen
what was destroyed
what happened as a result of this

A

Germany-Austria

1,000 shuls

Jews were forced to clean up this mess

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18
Q

kristallnacht

this was a war against the jews and ….

proof of this
who was involved - what kind of ppl - what did they use

A

1) GD

2) defamed, destroyed Torah Scrolls
threw the torah scrolls around like a ball
men,women and children - reg ppl
used axes and heavy sledgehammers

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19
Q

anti-semitism =

was it always in europe

and what is a saying they say abt anti-semtism

A

1) irrational

2) yes

2) spread down like mothers milk

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20
Q

what was it like leaving germany
(experience from eric lucas)

who was he separated from? where was he heading?
this was before when? what didn’t he know? what was the name of the transportation he was going on?

A

1) parents

2) towards great britian

3) Great Britian only allowed 10,000 children into the country

4) when he would see his parents again

5) kinder transport

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21
Q

why would parents send their children to great britian?

A

They had to
they knew staying in Germany was getting bad

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22
Q

what did Eric Lucas father tell him?
and was he the only one to tell him this?

A

to not forget he is a jew
no many parents told their children this

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23
Q

what was happening to jewish children in Poland?

A

were hidden w/ non-jewish neighbors and got accustomed to them

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24
Q

Story of Rabbi Silver after the war
What did he do when he went to orphanages

A

went to catholic orphanages
tried to find Jewish children
walks to the dining room - yells out shema yisrael and kids began to finish it and sometimes he would be able to take them

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25
Q

Story with Pope John Paul the 2nd
About non Jewish family coming to him

A

this german couple had a Jewish baby
and after the war it was a known thing jewish parents would come back and find their children

this couple felt guilty they go to Pope John Paul the 2nd tell him everything

and he asks what would the parents want

and the response is that they would want their baby ti be jewish

so pope john paul the 2nd said to return the baby to his parents

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26
Q

What is Jud Suss

What is it about

A

A propaganda film made in Nazi Germany

A half-assimilated Jew who goes from ghetto to court within a few years
Through money and black magic they seize power

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27
Q

How do the Jews who remain in the ghetto appear on screen

Who are the ghetto Jews less dangerous than

A

Physically repulsive

Suss who has acquired a veneer of court polish

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28
Q

What is the Eternal Jew

A

The most famous Nazi propaganda film

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29
Q

Who made The Eternal Jew

Who is he

A

Joseph Goebbels

Minister of propaganda

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30
Q

How does The Eternal Jew depict Jews of Poland

A

Corrupt, filthy, lazy, ugly
Alien people who took over the world through controlling banking and commerce
And live like animlas

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31
Q

What else is the eternal Jew

A

A museum opened in Munich in 1937

32
Q

How are Jews depicted in the museum

A

as vile
Subhuman creatures
Stereotyped by large hooked bowser
Enormous lips
And sloping forehead

33
Q

How long was the museum open

How many visitors

A

A year

5,000 per day

34
Q

What is Der Stuer

What did it contain

How much did it sell per year

A

An antisemitic newspaper

Characterizing Jews as long nosed vampires extracting blood from German youths for ritual slaughter

Two million per year

35
Q

Who created Der Sturmer
What happened to him

A

Julius Streicher

Found guilty at the famous Nuremberg trial after war and hanged for his crimes

36
Q

What did Streicher once declare in Der Sturmer

A

That they need to destroy the Jews so humanity will be free of them

37
Q

What were German children given

What was included

A

“Race Education” classes

Stereotypes and hatred of Jews

38
Q

What is the Poisonous Mushroom

What is the purpose

What made the books so powerful

A

A collection of 17 short stories

To brainwash young German children to despise and hate the Jews

Not only depicted Jews as evil and dangerous people
But German children are the heroes

39
Q

where would german jews emigrate to

A

eretz yisrael
england
US
Western Europe

40
Q

1938:
where did Hitler march to? and what did he do?

A

Austria
annexed it to germany

41
Q

who are stormtroopers

where did they work

how did they look

A

trained bulies who volunteered for the job

concentration camps - were always cruel

wore different uniforms than the other soldiers

42
Q

who is Herta Mansbacher

how did she die

A

she was an assistant principal of school who saw them burning a synagogue - she was put it out and stood in front of the shul willing to risk her life to protect the shul
she got pushed aside and the shul got burned down

she was sent to her death - 1942

43
Q

when did world war two begin?

and who attacked who?

A

September 1st 1939

Germany on Poland

44
Q

what is the WHITE PAPER

what did it state

A

a statement of official government foreign policy printed don white paper

only 75,000 jews were allowed to enter Israel between 1939-1945

45
Q

who was in control of Israel at the time

A

Britian

46
Q

why did the British establish the WHITE PAPER

A

to appease the Arabs
who threatened Britain they would stop supplying them with oil if they allowed Jews in
and britian wanted to spread their own political influence and control in the arab world

47
Q

who would try to come to Palestine?

A

boats fille diwth illegal immigrants

48
Q

what happened to these boats who came to the land

A

they werre turned away and forced to go back to europe

49
Q

what did many jews in eretz yisrael do?

were they successful?

A

helped smuggle jews who swam to shore from boats docked far enough off shore to escape detection by the Britisth

many were discovered intercepted and returned

50
Q

after 1939
were many countries open?
if so, which ones?
did every jew go
and
how many jews went there

A

many closed their doors to Jews
the only one open was Shanghai, CHina
only those who could afford it went
25,000

51
Q

in nazi occupied germany
what were jews forbidden to do

A

any pleasures of life
ex: no cars, bikes, no riding on trains/buses, no telephone, no going to movies

52
Q

what were Jews required to wear at all times

A

a jewish star

53
Q

what happene din the late 9140s?

A

Jews in eastern europe were concentarted in specific section of each city called “ghettos”

54
Q

where were ghettos placed

A

in the poorest section of each city near the railway station

55
Q

how were the living conidtions of the ghettos

A

very overcrowed (several families in one room)
horrible snitary conditions
no privacy
food distribution was cut down to starvation ratiom

56
Q

how much food did the germans allow jews to have

A

220 calories a day

57
Q

how did the germans deal with the religious aspects of judaism

A

completely forbidden

58
Q

did religious jews stop following torah

A

no they continued secretly
they learned torah, davened, had jewish school, libraries, choirs, wedding ceremonies, counseling in jewish law

59
Q

what is the name of one of the rabbis who survive the holocaust

A

Rabbi Ephraim Oshry

60
Q

What did Rabbi Ephraim Ohsry leave us

examples

A

difficult halachic questions that were aske din the ghettos

is a jew allowed to endanger his own life by going to non-jewish authorities to beg the release of other jews

what is the appropriate act of teshuvah for jews who were forced to publicly tear down a torah scroll for the burial of cats and dogs

is there a way to fulfill the four cups of wine at seder without wine. can sweetened tea be used instead

can a parent give his child to a non-jew in order to save his life

61
Q

how long did the ghettos in poland last

A

two years
more for some jews

62
Q

what happened to jews of poland from 1940 - 1942

A

locked up in virtual prisons

63
Q

what was it forbidden to do in the ghetto

what happens if one does this

A

to leave

death penelaty

64
Q

was the rule of leaving the ghetto broken by jews

were they caught? if so what heppend

A

yes due to the threat of sarvation
mostly young boys risked their lives to smuggle food from non Jewish sections of town

ye stheyw ere either beaten or killed

65
Q

what did parent do to their kids heads
what was there a shortage of? what did this lead to?

A

shaved their kids head to prevent lice

shortage of meds and since they all lived so close it lead to spread of dangerous diseases such as measles, pneuminal, bronchical coughs

66
Q

how were the non Jews affected by the war
Food wise

A

no the non jews were getting less food than they were accustomed to

67
Q

if a pole recognized a jew escaped from a ghetto what would they do

A

threatend to tell a german unless they handed an amount of money

68
Q

were jews in ghettos able to receive news

example of one of these news

A

no and this was part fo the german plan
meant to keep them ignorant

late 1941 a massive evacuation and destruction of jewish communities would take place

69
Q

who else started coming to the gehttos
how did they look

A

western european jews assimilated non-traditional

came with better clothing and more expensive personal items

70
Q

what did the westeren european jews start to do once they realized they would get little food

A

sell their watches and silver for extra food

71
Q

how was the gehttos during the winter

A

very cold
they took wood and created fires
the germans took away their furs
had to keep themselves warm with rags and torn blankets

72
Q

what were jews who were strong enough to work ordered to do

what was given out

A

sppear at various assembly points

special card stating they were needed for german war effort - small amount were issued

73
Q

once ghettos were being cleared out who was arrested first

A

thos without the special workcards

74
Q

once jews were being removed from the gehttos
where were they told they were going vs reality

A

to work in labor camps or resettling to the east

concentration camps

75
Q

what were the actions done by the germans to roundup jews

A

pick jews off streets
drag them form their homes for either mass shooting or long walks to death camps
mother would come home with no children at home (some were forced to pick a child)
if mother asked for her children they would either laugh
beat her or chase her

76
Q

what did every jewish community had to do
what were they told to do - who did they respond

A

pick a representative to lead teh community and speak on its behalf to germans

pick jews who were well enough to
work in the east

many chose to rather die than send jews

77
Q

to increase participation to head to the east
what did geramsn do

A

distrubuted free bread to anyone hwo resetteled to the east

Holocaust (5 decks)

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