Chapter 2 Flashcards
First stage of the Holocaust
Isolation
How did they isolate the Jews
first through propaganda
what type of propaganda did they have
(What were they saying about Jews)
Jews r dangerous - need to be dealt w/
what starts in 1933
what kind of isolation
boycott of jewish stores for germans
economic isolation
what happened after the boycott of jewish stores
removed Jewish citizenship
who took over the jewish businesses
what was illegal
what did the jews have to do
1) Germans
2) FOR JEWS to own businesses
3) sell their business and for cheap
how did Jews feel at first
felt like things would pass
why didnt jews leave
its not simple especially when youre older and you have a family
but easier for younger ppl to go pick up their stuff and go somewhere else
what and when
are the Nuremberg laws
1935
racial laws based upon german beliefs that jews r inferior
what was the basis for the german hatred
what did they did attack
religion
jewish blood - cannot be changed
germans believed jews were
legal defintiom
a diff race
inferior to germans
what was the program hitler had at the end if the 1930s
to get rid of mentally challenged german people
how did the german people react to hitlers program at the end of the 1930s
what happened as result of this
protested and as a result it got stopped
if germans protested for the mentally challenged what could be a possibility as to why they didn’t protest fro jews
proganada or they just didnt like jews
what do they start doing in the years of 1933-1939
teaching students propaganda against the Jews
what happens in 1939
how are german students affected
the war begins
and the students who learnt this propaganda is being drafted to the army
kristallnacht
where did it happen
what was destroyed
what happened as a result of this
Germany-Austria
1,000 shuls
Jews were forced to clean up this mess
kristallnacht
this was a war against the jews and ….
proof of this
who was involved - what kind of ppl - what did they use
1) GD
2) defamed, destroyed Torah Scrolls
threw the torah scrolls around like a ball
men,women and children - reg ppl
used axes and heavy sledgehammers
anti-semitism =
was it always in europe
and what is a saying they say abt anti-semtism
1) irrational
2) yes
2) spread down like mothers milk
what was it like leaving germany
(experience from eric lucas)
who was he separated from? where was he heading?
this was before when? what didn’t he know? what was the name of the transportation he was going on?
1) parents
2) towards great britian
3) Great Britian only allowed 10,000 children into the country
4) when he would see his parents again
5) kinder transport
why would parents send their children to great britian?
They had to
they knew staying in Germany was getting bad
what did Eric Lucas father tell him?
and was he the only one to tell him this?
to not forget he is a jew
no many parents told their children this
what was happening to jewish children in Poland?
were hidden w/ non-jewish neighbors and got accustomed to them
Story of Rabbi Silver after the war
What did he do when he went to orphanages
went to catholic orphanages
tried to find Jewish children
walks to the dining room - yells out shema yisrael and kids began to finish it and sometimes he would be able to take them
Story with Pope John Paul the 2nd
About non Jewish family coming to him
this german couple had a Jewish baby
and after the war it was a known thing jewish parents would come back and find their children
this couple felt guilty they go to Pope John Paul the 2nd tell him everything
and he asks what would the parents want
and the response is that they would want their baby ti be jewish
so pope john paul the 2nd said to return the baby to his parents
What is Jud Suss
What is it about
A propaganda film made in Nazi Germany
A half-assimilated Jew who goes from ghetto to court within a few years
Through money and black magic they seize power
How do the Jews who remain in the ghetto appear on screen
Who are the ghetto Jews less dangerous than
Physically repulsive
Suss who has acquired a veneer of court polish
What is the Eternal Jew
The most famous Nazi propaganda film
Who made The Eternal Jew
Who is he
Joseph Goebbels
Minister of propaganda
How does The Eternal Jew depict Jews of Poland
Corrupt, filthy, lazy, ugly
Alien people who took over the world through controlling banking and commerce
And live like animlas
What else is the eternal Jew
A museum opened in Munich in 1937
How are Jews depicted in the museum
as vile
Subhuman creatures
Stereotyped by large hooked bowser
Enormous lips
And sloping forehead
How long was the museum open
How many visitors
A year
5,000 per day
What is Der Stuer
What did it contain
How much did it sell per year
An antisemitic newspaper
Characterizing Jews as long nosed vampires extracting blood from German youths for ritual slaughter
Two million per year
Who created Der Sturmer
What happened to him
Julius Streicher
Found guilty at the famous Nuremberg trial after war and hanged for his crimes
What did Streicher once declare in Der Sturmer
That they need to destroy the Jews so humanity will be free of them
What were German children given
What was included
“Race Education” classes
Stereotypes and hatred of Jews
What is the Poisonous Mushroom
What is the purpose
What made the books so powerful
A collection of 17 short stories
To brainwash young German children to despise and hate the Jews
Not only depicted Jews as evil and dangerous people
But German children are the heroes
where would german jews emigrate to
eretz yisrael
england
US
Western Europe
1938:
where did Hitler march to? and what did he do?
Austria
annexed it to germany
who are stormtroopers
where did they work
how did they look
trained bulies who volunteered for the job
concentration camps - were always cruel
wore different uniforms than the other soldiers
who is Herta Mansbacher
how did she die
she was an assistant principal of school who saw them burning a synagogue - she was put it out and stood in front of the shul willing to risk her life to protect the shul
she got pushed aside and the shul got burned down
she was sent to her death - 1942
when did world war two begin?
and who attacked who?
September 1st 1939
Germany on Poland
what is the WHITE PAPER
what did it state
a statement of official government foreign policy printed don white paper
only 75,000 jews were allowed to enter Israel between 1939-1945
who was in control of Israel at the time
Britian
why did the British establish the WHITE PAPER
to appease the Arabs
who threatened Britain they would stop supplying them with oil if they allowed Jews in
and britian wanted to spread their own political influence and control in the arab world
who would try to come to Palestine?
boats fille diwth illegal immigrants
what happened to these boats who came to the land
they werre turned away and forced to go back to europe
what did many jews in eretz yisrael do?
were they successful?
helped smuggle jews who swam to shore from boats docked far enough off shore to escape detection by the Britisth
many were discovered intercepted and returned
after 1939
were many countries open?
if so, which ones?
did every jew go
and
how many jews went there
many closed their doors to Jews
the only one open was Shanghai, CHina
only those who could afford it went
25,000
in nazi occupied germany
what were jews forbidden to do
any pleasures of life
ex: no cars, bikes, no riding on trains/buses, no telephone, no going to movies
what were Jews required to wear at all times
a jewish star
what happene din the late 9140s?
Jews in eastern europe were concentarted in specific section of each city called “ghettos”
where were ghettos placed
in the poorest section of each city near the railway station
how were the living conidtions of the ghettos
very overcrowed (several families in one room)
horrible snitary conditions
no privacy
food distribution was cut down to starvation ratiom
how much food did the germans allow jews to have
220 calories a day
how did the germans deal with the religious aspects of judaism
completely forbidden
did religious jews stop following torah
no they continued secretly
they learned torah, davened, had jewish school, libraries, choirs, wedding ceremonies, counseling in jewish law
what is the name of one of the rabbis who survive the holocaust
Rabbi Ephraim Oshry
What did Rabbi Ephraim Ohsry leave us
examples
difficult halachic questions that were aske din the ghettos
is a jew allowed to endanger his own life by going to non-jewish authorities to beg the release of other jews
what is the appropriate act of teshuvah for jews who were forced to publicly tear down a torah scroll for the burial of cats and dogs
is there a way to fulfill the four cups of wine at seder without wine. can sweetened tea be used instead
can a parent give his child to a non-jew in order to save his life
how long did the ghettos in poland last
two years
more for some jews
what happened to jews of poland from 1940 - 1942
locked up in virtual prisons
what was it forbidden to do in the ghetto
what happens if one does this
to leave
death penelaty
was the rule of leaving the ghetto broken by jews
were they caught? if so what heppend
yes due to the threat of sarvation
mostly young boys risked their lives to smuggle food from non Jewish sections of town
ye stheyw ere either beaten or killed
what did parent do to their kids heads
what was there a shortage of? what did this lead to?
shaved their kids head to prevent lice
shortage of meds and since they all lived so close it lead to spread of dangerous diseases such as measles, pneuminal, bronchical coughs
how were the non Jews affected by the war
Food wise
no the non jews were getting less food than they were accustomed to
if a pole recognized a jew escaped from a ghetto what would they do
threatend to tell a german unless they handed an amount of money
were jews in ghettos able to receive news
example of one of these news
no and this was part fo the german plan
meant to keep them ignorant
late 1941 a massive evacuation and destruction of jewish communities would take place
who else started coming to the gehttos
how did they look
western european jews assimilated non-traditional
came with better clothing and more expensive personal items
what did the westeren european jews start to do once they realized they would get little food
sell their watches and silver for extra food
how was the gehttos during the winter
very cold
they took wood and created fires
the germans took away their furs
had to keep themselves warm with rags and torn blankets
what were jews who were strong enough to work ordered to do
what was given out
sppear at various assembly points
special card stating they were needed for german war effort - small amount were issued
once ghettos were being cleared out who was arrested first
thos without the special workcards
once jews were being removed from the gehttos
where were they told they were going vs reality
to work in labor camps or resettling to the east
concentration camps
what were the actions done by the germans to roundup jews
pick jews off streets
drag them form their homes for either mass shooting or long walks to death camps
mother would come home with no children at home (some were forced to pick a child)
if mother asked for her children they would either laugh
beat her or chase her
what did every jewish community had to do
what were they told to do - who did they respond
pick a representative to lead teh community and speak on its behalf to germans
pick jews who were well enough to
work in the east
many chose to rather die than send jews
to increase participation to head to the east
what did geramsn do
distrubuted free bread to anyone hwo resetteled to the east
