Chapter 6: Amino acid and protein Flashcards
How many amino acids are there? are they all the same?
theres 20 amino acids. they have similar structure
how many amino acids of 20 are essential. what does this mean?
9 are essential, body cannot make them , needed through diet
how many amino acids are nonessential?
11, body dont need but body is not able to make it due to illness
what is a polypeptide?
a chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds
How is the order of amino acids determined?
DNA
what does collagen help with?
skin elastic
what does keratin help with?
hair and nails
what do motor proteins help with?
turning energy into mechanical work
what do hormones do to the body?
they help regulate body processes (ex. insulin)
do proteins act as buffers, channels and carriers?
yes
what is edema ?
occurs when the diet lacks sufficeint protien to keep normal levels of blood protein. Edema is sweeling caused bu fluid buildup between cells
where are proteins digested into?
the stomach and small intestine
what happens during protein digestion?
protein is broken down into amino acids and then into smaller peptides for absorption.
THEN, amino acids are absorbed into the capillaries of the villi and into the blood stream
which organ is the asbsorptive site for the carbs, amino acid, fat, and most vitamins?
the small intestine
What is negative nitrogen balance?
Injury or illness
what is positive nitrogen balance?
growth in children or recovering from an illness, pregnant women getting proper nutrient
what is the difference between incomplete protein vs. complete?
complete proteins supply all 9 essential amino acids and incomplete is low in 1 or more essential acid
are complementary proteins eaten in same day or same meal?
they eaten in same day
how much energy of a trophic level is available to the next level?
10%
