Chapter 5: Lipids, not just fat Flashcards
What are Lipids made of?
Triglycerides, Phospholipid and sterols
What are triglycerides and where are they stored?
they are fats and oils and are stored in adipose tissue
what are phospholipids, where are they stored?
found in plant sources and animals. they are made by the body and are soluble in fat and water
what are sterols
they include testerone, cholestoral, and estrogen
Are triglycerides, and sterols soluble in water or nonsoluble? and phospohilipds?
soluble in fay ONLY, phospholipds soluble in fat and water
What is found in the basic structure of fatty acids building blocks? (ex. acids, hydrogen,etc;)
they have carbon chain, with methyl end and acid end
There are three types of fatty acid chains. Which are they?
Short chain ( less than 6), Medium chain (6-10) and Long chains (12+)
How many carbons do foods have in their chain length?
4-24 Carbons
Characteristic of the short chain in room temp and refrigerator?
Always Liquid, and more water-soluble
what happens as the chain length of fatty acid increase?
they become more solid at room temp
which has more H bonds, saturated or unsaturated? and which one is single and double bonded?
Saturated has maximum single bond H. Unsaturated is less than maximum and is double bond
what type(name) of bonds do unsaturated fatty acids have? (ex. omore than one, single)
Mono or poly carbon carbon double bonds
as short chains and unsaturated fatty acids increase to longer chain and saturated, do they become more soid or more liquid?
They become more solid. Longer chains and saturated fatty acids are able to pack tight together, being more solid at room temperature.
short chains and unsaturated fatty acids cannot pack together, being more liquid.
Acids vary in shape. what are two types of fatty acids and their shape?
Cis Fatty Acids (Bent), and Trans Fatty acids (straight).
Which fatty acid occurs naturally and which produces hydrogenation when frying oils or high temp? ( Cis vs Trans)
Cis occurs naturally
Trans produces hydrogenation when frying high temp and oil
Are nonessential fatty acids needed in the body?
Nope. you make them in your body
are essential fatty acids needed in body?
Yes, they come from food and the body does not make them
what are the two families of essential fatty acids?
Omega 3 (alpah nilonelic) and omega 6(nilonelic)
What is the energy source in kcal of triglycerides? Where are they stored and their function?
Energy source: 9 kcal
function: stored in the adipose tissue , providing insulation and protection
what are other functions of triglycerides?
they are carrier fat soluble compounds , helping with digestion and improves testinal absorption.
is also has sensory qualities, contributing to odor, texture and flavor
funtion of phospholipids?
They keep oil and water mixed, and perfect structure for cell membrane allowing lipids to enter and exit
what do phospholipids form when mixed in water?
they form membranes
where do phospholipids transport lipids to?
Into the Stomach, intestine and the blood
What foods are abundant in phospholipids? are these nonessential or essential?
egg yolk, soybeans, liver, peanuts. phospholipids are nonessential. found through animal sources and plant
