Chapter 6 A Tour Of the Cell

Question 1

Organelles

Answer 1

Question 2

Cell fraction

Answer 2

is the process used to separate cellularcomponents while preserving individual functions of each component.

Question 3

What is Cytosol?

Answer 3

inside all cells is a semifluid, jellylike substance called cytosol

Question 4

What are ribosomes?

Answer 4

are tiny complexes that make proteins according to instructions from the genes.

Use infromation from the DNA to make proteins

(small brown dots) free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nucleous envelope.

Question 5

Whats the difference between Eukaryotic cell and Prokaryotic cells DNA and where its located in the cell?

Answer 5

1. Eurkayotic cells have chromosomes (DNA Wrapped around HIstones (proteins).) in an organelle called the nucleus, Which is bounded by a double membrane.
2. A Prokaryotic cell’s DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane-enclosed, called the Nucleoid.

Question 6

What is a nucleoid consist of in a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 6

is a region where cell’s DNA is located (not enclosed by a membrane).

Prokaryotic means before nucleus

Question 7

What is Cytoplasm?

Answer 7

The interior of either type of cell.

In eukaryotic cells, this term refers only to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. Within the cytoplasm, suspended in cytosol, are a variety of organelles.

Question 8

What is a plasma membrane? its location and functions

Answer 8

At the boundary of every cell, the plasma membrane funtions as a selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell.

Question 9

What is a phospholipid? what are the two components of it and what do they do?

Where are they located in a cell?

Answer 9

are a class of lipids (fats) that are a major component of all cell membranes

. They can form lipid bilayers because of their amphiphilic characteristic.

1. The structure of the phospholipid molecule generally consists of two hydrophobic fatty acid “tails”
   * the tails are the made of fatty acid chains that reppell water (Hydrophobic)
2. hydrophilic “head” consisting of a phosphate group.
   * The Head is made of glycerol & phosphates Which attract water (hydropholic)

Question 10

Endoplasmic recticulum (ER)

Answer 10

A network of membranous sacs and tubes:

active in mebrane synthesis and other synthetic and membolic processes;

has a rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth regions

Question 11

Flagellum

Answer 11

Motility structure present in some animal cells, composed of a cluster of microtubles within an extension of the plasma membrane

Question 12

Centrosome

Answer 12

Region where the cell’s microtubules are initiated;

Contains a pair of centrioles.

Organize microtubles,

uses the microtubles to create part of the cytoskeloten of the cell,

centrosome helps to stablize the structure of the cell.

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

reinforces cells shape;

funtions in the cell movement;

components are made of protein. they include

1. Microfilaments
2. Intermediate filaments
3. Microtubules

Question 14

Microvilli

Answer 14

Projections that increase the cells surface area

Question 15

Peroxisome

Answer 15

An organelle with various specialized metabolic functions;

Produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water

Question 16

Mitochondrion

Answer 16

Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated.

Question 17

Lysosome

Answer 17

digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed.

Question 18

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 18

Organelle Active in sythesis, modification, sorting, and secreation of cell products.

eceives proteins and lipids (fats) from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies some of them and sorts, concentrates and packs them into sealed droplets called vesicles.

Question 19

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 19

Double membrane enclosing the necleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER

Question 20

Nucleolus

Answer 20

Nonmembranous structure involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli.

Question 21

Chromatin

Answer 21

Material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes

Question 22

Cell wall

Answer 22

outer layer that maintains cell’s shape and protects cell from mechanical damage;

made of cellulose, other polysacharides, and protein

Question 23

central vacuole

Answer 23

prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, and hydrolysis of macromolecules;

enlargment of the vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth

Question 24

Chloroplast

Answer 24

Photosynthetic organelle

converts energy og sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules

Question 25

Plasmodesmata

Answer 25

Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells