Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Flashcards
What is in the nucleus?
DNA (chromatin)
What is the nuclear envelope?
Double membrane that protects the nucleus
What is a nuclear pore?
A small hole in the nuclear envelope that allows the transport of proteins etc.
What is a ribosome?
Protein builder / synthesizer
- composed of rRNA and protein
What are the two types of ribosomes and what are their differences?
Free Ribosomes
- ribosomes that float around in the cytosol of the cell
- synthesize cytosolic proteins
Bound Ribosomes
- Ribosomes that are attached to the Rough ER (weird foldy thingy)
- synthesize membrane and secreted proteins
What are the flattened sacs within the Rough ER called?
Cisternae
What is the name of the fluid filled area within the Rough ER?
Lumen
The Rough ER delivers proteins in __________________.
Transport vesicles
What is the function of the Smooth ER?
- Make lipids
- Metabolize carbs
- Detoxify drugs
- Calcium storage
Which one has ribosomes? The Smooth ER or the Rough ER?
Rough ER
Explain Golgi apparatus processing and transport.
- Rough ER sends out a vesicles to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus.
- Each cisternae modifies the proteins and phospholipids and synthesizes polysaccharides using specific enzymes.
- Cisternae matures as it transports vesicles from the cis face to the trans face
- The trans face send the vesicles out to their designated part of the cell
What are lysosomes?
Membranous sacs that do hydrolysis to break up polymers
They are very acidic
What do lysosomes do?
- Digest food
- Vesicle forms around damaged organelles and lysosomes breaks it down and turns it into something useful
Purpose of mitochondria?
Cellular respiration to generate energy in the form of ATP
Folding means there’s more membrane surfaces, more places to make ATP
Purpose of chloroplasts?
Capture light energy for photosynthesis
What are the components of a chloroplast?
- Thylakoids
- Thylakoid space
- Green pigment chlorophyll
- Stroma
- Intermembrane space
What are thylakoids?
Flattened sacs, coated in pigment membranes where the light reactions take place.
What is the thylakoid space?
The space is inside of the thylakoid.
What is the stroma?
Liquid surrounding thylakoids
What are microtubules? How do they grow?
Tubes made of tubulin protein
Grow by adding tubulin dimers to the +end
(-end is anchored at the centrosome)
+__________-
(••________)
•• = tubulin dimers added
What are motor proteins and what do they do?
Proteins that walk along microtubules and carry cargo in a vesicles across the cell
Cargo can be chromosomes, proteins etc
What is kinesin? What is dynein?
Kinesin - motor protein that walks towards - end
Dynein - motor protein that walks towards + end
What are microfilaments? What do they do?
Strands made of actin in the cytoskeleton
Subunits (little actin proteins) are added to the +end and fall off of the -end
What are intermediate filaments? What do they do?
Fibrous proteins that make coiled cables (looks like candy cane)
They reinforce shape of cells and fix position of organelles
Has keratin proteins
What is the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
The space between cells that provides structure and support
Contains collagen
What are cell junctions?
Physical connections between cells
In plants:
- plasmodeta
In animals:
- tight, anchoring, and gap junctions
