Chapter 6

Question 0

Population

Answer 0

The larger group

Question 1

Sample

Answer 1

Hey fairly small number of individual members of a population

Question 2

Target population

Answer 2

The actual population to which a researcher would really like to generalize

Question 3

Accessible population

Answer 3

The population to which the researcher is able to generalize

Question 4

Random sampling

Answer 4

A selection of the population where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 5

Nonrandom sampling

Answer 5

Individual selected must possess all of the criteria needed for the study. Each member of the population does not have the equal chance of being selected; some, in fact, have no chance.

Question 6

Stratified random sampling

Answer 6

Process in which certain subgroups, or strata, are selected for the sample in the same proportion as they exist in the population

Question 7

Cluster random sampling

Answer 7

The selection of groups, or clusters, of subjects rather than individuals

Question 8

Two-stage random sampling

Answer 8

Rather than randomly selecting 100 students from population of 3000 ninth-grade is located in one of the classes the researcher might decide to select 25 classes randomly from the population of 100 classes and then randomly select for students from each class

Question 9

Systematic sampling

Answer 9

Every nth individual in the population list is selected for inclusion in the sample

Question 10

Random start

Answer 10

To guard against bias the researcher may select a number and then choose to increment that number by 10 or 20 or 5 as necessary until she has an adequate sample of students

Question 11

Sampling interval

Answer 11

The distance of the list between each of the individual selected for the sample. Population size/desired sample size

Question 12

Sampling ratio

Answer 12

The proportion of individuals in the population that is selected for the sample. Sampling size / population size

Question 13

Periodicity

Answer 13

The arrangement of individuals on the list isn’t some sort of pattern and accidentally coincides with the sampling interval. This creates a biased sample

Question 14

Convenience sampling

Answer 14

Group of individuals who conveniently are available for the study

Question 15

Purposive sampling

Answer 15

Researchers use their judgment to select a sample that they believe, based on prior information, will provide the data that they need

Question 16

Generalizing

Answer 16

Basic principles are laws that can be applied to a great variety of situations and, in the case of social sciences to a great many people.

Question 17

External validity

Answer 17

The extent to which the results of the study can be generalized

Question 18

Population generalizability

Answer 18

Refers to the degree to which a sample represents the population of interest

Question 19

Representativeness

Answer 19

Referring only to the essential, or relevant, characteristics of the population.

Question 20

Replication

Answer 20

The researcher or other researchers repeat the study using different groups of subjects in different situations

Question 21

Ecological generalizability

Answer 21

The first the degree to which the results of the study can be extended to other settings or conditions