Chapter 1

Question 0

The scientific method

Answer 0

Testing ideas in a public arena

Question 1

Ways of knowing

Answer 1

Sensory experience
Agreement with others
Expert opinion
Logic
The scientific method

Question 2

Basic research

Answer 2

Clarifies the underlying processes with the hypothesis usually expressed as a theory

Question 3

Quantitative research

Answer 3

Deals primarily with numbers

Question 4

Applied research

Answer 4

Examines the effectiveness of particular educational practices. Look for the word “effectiveness” or a synonym in the question.

Question 5

Qualitative research

Answer 5

Deals primarily with words

Question 6

Experimental research

Answer 6

Different treatments that allow the study of the facts. The results from this type of research are likely to lead to the most clear-cut interpretations.

Question 7

Mixed methods research

Answer 7

The use of multiple methods to gather and analyze considerably more and different kinds of data than just one approach.

Question 8

Single subject research

Answer 8

Involves the intensive study of a single individual or sometimes a single group over time.

Question 9

Correlational research

Answer 9

Determines the relationships among two or more variables and explores the implications for cause-and-effect

Question 10

Causal comparative research

Answer 10

Determines the cause for or the consequences of differences between groups of people

Question 11

Survey research

Answer 11

Obtains data to determine specific characteristics of a group

Question 12

Descriptive Research

Answer 12

Involves asking the same set of questions often prepared in the form of a written questionnaire or ability test of a large number of individuals either by mail by telephone or in person

Question 13

Ethnographic Study

Answer 13

Documents for pretrade is the everyday experiences of individuals by observing and interviewing them and relevant others

Question 14

Historical research

Answer 14

Some aspect of the past is studied, either by pursuing documents of the period or by interviewing individuals who lived during the time

Question 15

Action research

Answer 15

Focuses on getting information that will enable the researchers to change conditions in the particular situation in which they are personally involved

Question 16

Formative evaluations

Answer 16

Intended to improve the object being evaluated; they help to inform or strengthen it by examining the delivery of the program with technology and the quality of its implementation

Question 17

Summative evaluations

Answer 17

Examine the effects or outcomes of an object by describing what happens after the delivery of the program or technology in order to assess whether the object caused the outcome

Question 18

Meta-analysis

Answer 18

Attempts to reduce the limitations of individual studies by trying to locate all of the studies on a particular topic and then using statistical means to synthesize the results of the studies

Question 19

Critical researchers

Answer 19

Raise a number of philosophical, inquisitive, ethical, and political questions not only about educational research as it is usually conducted but also about all the fields of inquiry, ranging from the physical sciences to literature

Question 20

Problem statement

Answer 20

The problem of the study And includes a description of the background of the problem (what factors caused it to be a problem in the first place) and bracket and a rationale or justification for studying it

Question 21

Hypothesis

Answer 21

A prediction, a statement of what specific results or outcomes are expected to occur

Question 22

Variables

Answer 22

The factors, characteristics, or conditions being investigated to be so stated that they can be tested within a reasonable period of time

Question 23

Literature review

Answer 23

Sheds light on what is already known about the problem and should indicate logically why the proposed study would result in an extension of this prior knowledge

Question 24

The steps in the research process

Answer 24

1. Statement of the research problem
2. Formulation of an exploratory question or hypothesis
3. Definitions
4. Review of the related literature
5. Sample
6. Instrumentation
7. Procedures
8. Data analysis

Question 25

Empirical research

Answer 25

1. derived from or guided by experience or experiment.
2. depending upon experience or observation alone, without using scientific method or theory, especially as in medicine.
3. provable or verifiable by experience or experiment.

Question 26

Associational research

Answer 26

Research that investigates relationships

Question 27

Intervention research

Answer 27

The particular method or treatment is expected to influence one or more outcomes