Chapter 6 Flashcards
Autosome
Chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex (gender) of an individual
Benign
Tumors that do not spread to other parts of the body; can usually be surgically removed.
Binary fission
The method by which prokaryotes perform cell division; a form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring.
Cancer
The uncontrolled growth of cells.
Cell cycle
A repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism.
Cell division
The production of new cells; also known as cell reproduction.
Chromatid
The two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome.
Chromosome
Superstructures of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.
Cytokinesis
The process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides.
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Fertilization
The fusion of two haploid gametes.
Gamete
An organism’s reproductive cells; such as sperm or egg cells.
Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.
Genome
The complete set of chromosomes and hereditary information for an organism.
Haploid
A cell that contains one set of chromosomes; often represented by the symbol n
Homologous chromosome
Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content.
