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CHM 101 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Steps in balancing an equation

A

1) ID the number and type of atom on each side
constructing tables on each side helps
2) Add coefficients to balance the atoms (to have the same number and type of atoms of each on both sides)
3) DONT touch the subscripts
balance elemental forms last

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2
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

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3
Q

Subscripts

A

show the number of atoms w/in each molecule or formula unit (H2)

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4
Q

In a balanced equation:

A

the number and type of each atom are the same on both sides of the equation
properly balanced, smallest whole number ratio

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5
Q

Balancing polyatomic ions

A

do not break them apart into their elements, keep them as they are and balance them as such

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6
Q

4 Phase notations

A

(s) - solid
(l) - liquid
(g) - gas
(aq) - aqueous solution (dissolved in water)

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7
Q

Classifying reactions: Decomposition reaction

A

A single reactant forms two or more products
“one forms two or more”
(CaCO3 —-> CaO+CO2)

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8
Q

Classifying reactions: Synthesis (combination) reactions

A

Two reactants join together to form a single product
“two form one”
(CaO +H2O —-> Ca(OH)2)

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9
Q

Classifying reactions: Single displacement reaction

A

One element replaces another element in a compound
“one element replaces another”
(Zn+CuSO4 —->ZnSO4+Cu)

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10
Q

Classifying reactions: Double displacement reaction

A

two compounds rearrange to form two new compounds (involve a “swap” of cation-anion pairs)
“two ions replace each other”
(KCl+AgNO3——>KNO3+AgCl)

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11
Q

what type of reaction produces an iconic compound

A

a synthesis reaction of a metal cation and a nonmetal anion element

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12
Q

when an atom is oxidized it

A

looses electrons

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13
Q

when an atom is reduced (reduction) it

A

gains electrons

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14
Q

OIL RIG

A

Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain

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15
Q

Combustion reactions

A

Reactions in which oxygen gas combines with elements or compounds to produce oxides

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16
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon

17
Q

Combustion of hydrocarbons

A

Hydrocarbon+ oxygen —–> carbon dioxide + water

18
Q

Ionic compounds dissociating

A

when dissolved in water the cations and anions of the compound are pulled apart and surrounded by water molecules

19
Q

Molecular equation

A

shows ions together as neutral compounds
only thing that changes is the phase symbol?
(shown as molecules)

20
Q

ionic equation

A

shows dissociated ions as separate species

shows individual ions

21
Q

Factors that effect solubility

A

charge on ions
size of ions
how tightly ions are packed together

22
Q

Usually soluble

A

ionic compounds containing halogens (unless bonded to Ag^+ or Pb^2+)
Sulfate (except when bonded with Ag^+ or Pb^2+, Ba^2+, Ca^2+)

23
Q

Usually not soluble

A

compounds composed of ions w/ a charge of 2 or 3 three

most other ions

24
Q

Compounds containing [ ] are always soluble

A

Alkali metals
ammonium
Large 1- oxyanions
compounds composed of ions w a charge of 1

25
Q

Precipitation reaction

A

Two aqueous solutions produce an insoluble product
(double displacement reactions)
the driving force is the formation of a solid

26
Q

The precipitate

A

the insoluble solid formed from a precipitate reaction

27
Q

spectator ions

A

the ions that are present in a precipitation reaction but not directly involved

28
Q

Complete ionic equation

A

shows all ions present (including the spectator ions)

precipitate shown as a compound bc its no longer separate ions

29
Q

Net ionic equation

A

only includes ions included in the precipitation

omit spectator ions and only include the ions directly involved in the precipitation

30
Q

Acids

A

Compounds that produce H+ ions in aqueous solutions

31
Q

Bases

A

Compounds that produce OH- ions in aqueous solutions

32
Q

Neutralization reactions

A

Acid + base —> water + “salt”
a double displacement reaction
formation of water is the driving force of the reaction
an H+ and a OH- forms water

33
Q

A “salt”

A

the ionic compound formed from the spectator ions (of a neutralization reaction)?

CHM 101 (12 decks)

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