Chapter 11 Flashcards
solute
the substance that dissolves
solvent
the the major component of the solution, what the solute is dissolved in
concentration
the amount of solute present in a solution
small amount-dilute
large amount- concentrated
maximum amount-saturated
concentration by percent:
percent by mass
(mass of solute)/(mass of solution) x100%
%(m/m)
concentration by percent:
percent by volume
(volume of solute)/(volume of solution) x100%
%(v/v)
concentration by percent:
percent by mass/volume
(mass of solute)/(volume of solution) x100%
%(m/v) g/mL
parts per million (ppm)
= (mass of solute)/(mass of solution) x10^6
parts per billion (ppb)
= (mass of solute)/(mass of solution) x10^9
molarity
Molarity(M) = (moles solute)/(liters solution) M= m/v moles = MV
electrolyte solutions
solutions that contain dissolved ions
colligative properties
do not depend on the type of particles dissolved in a solution, only the number of particles dissolved
colligative property
freezing point depression
the extent that it is lowered depends on the number of dissolved particles, the more dissolved particles, the lower the freezing temp
depends on the number of particles dissolved in a solution, not the type
colligative property
boiling point elevation
the more dissolved particles, the higher boiling point
depends on the number of particles dissolved in a solution, not the type
semipermeable membrane
water can pass through but molecules and ions cannot
osmotic pressure
the tendency of water moving to the more concentrated side of a semipermeable membrane
