Chapter 6-7 Evolutionary, Behavior

Question 1

Environment

Answer 1

Every non genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

Question 2

Behavior genetics

Answer 2

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

The biochemical units of heredity that that make up the chromosomes

Question 6

Genome

Answer 6

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes

Question 7

Identical twins

Answer 7

Twins who developed from a single fertilized egg that splits in two- genetically identical

Question 8

Fraternal twins

Answer 8

Twins who develop from separar fertilized eggs.

Question 9

Heritability

Answer 9

Refers to the extent to which differences among people are attributed to genes

Question 10

Interaction

Answer 10

When the effect of one factor depends on another (in relation to environment and genetics)

Question 11

Molecular genetics

Answer 11

The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes

Question 12

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 12

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind using principals of natural selection

Question 13

Natural selection

Answer 13

The principle that traits that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Question 14

Mutation

Answer 14

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change

Question 15

Culture

Answer 15

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values etc shared by a group of people and passed on through generations

Question 16

Personal space

Answer 16

Buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

Question 17

Individualism

Answer 17

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Question 18

Collectivism

Answer 18

Giving priority to the goals of ones group and defining ones identity accordingly- opposite of individualism

Question 19

Aggression

Answer 19

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

Question 20

X chromosomes

Answer 20

Sex chromosomes found in both men and women; male one, female two

Question 21

Y chromosomes

Answer 21

The sex chromosomes found only in males.

Question 22

Testosterone

Answer 22

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both male and females have it

Question 23

Role

Answer 23

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position

Question 24

Gender role

Answer 24

A set of expected behaviors for males and females

Question 25

Gender identity

Answer 25

Ones sense of being male or female

Question 26

Gender-typing

Answer 26

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.

Question 27

Social learning theory

Answer 27

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitation and by being rewarded or punished

Question 28

Gender schema theory

Answer 28

The theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly