Chapter 6 & 7 Flashcards
A descriptive account of the behavior, past history, and other relevant factors concerning a specific individual
Case study
The use of existing sources of information for research. Sources include statistical records, survey archives, and written records.
Archival research
A set of rules used to categorize observations
Coding system
Systemic analysis of recorded communications
Content analysis
Descriptive method in which observations are made in a natural social setting
Naturalistic observation
A technique of observing a situation where in the observer takes an active role in the situation
Participant observation
A type of case study in which the life of an individual is analyzed using psychological theory
Psychobiography
A problem of measurement in which the measure changes the behavior being observed
Reactivity
Observations of one or more specific variables, usually made in a precisely defined setting
Systemic observation
A survey where the interviewers questions are prompted on the computer screen, and the data are entered directly into the computer for analysis
Computer assisted telephone interview
A question with a limited number of response alternatives
Close ended question
A probability sampling method in which existing groups or geographic areas, called clusters, are identified. clusters are randomly sampled and then everyone in the selected clusters participate in the study
Cluster sampling
And interval of values within which there is a given level of confidence where the population lies
Confidence interval
An interview in which the interviewer and responded meet to conduct the interview
Face to face interview
An interview with a group of about 6 to 10 individuals brought together for a period of usually 2 to 3 hours
Focus group
Hey Mark along a continuous 100 mm line that is anchored with descriptions at each end
Graphic rating scale
Selecting subjects in a haphazard manner usually on the basis of availability, and not with regard to having a representative sample of the population; a type of nonprobability sampling
Haphazard sampling
Intentional or unintentional influence exerted by an interviewer in such a way that the actual or interpreted behavior of respondents is consistent with the interviewers expectations
Interviewer bias
Type of sampling procedure in which one cannot specify the probability that any member of the population will be included in the sample
Nonprobability sampling
Hey question and which respondents are free to answer in anyway they like
Open ended question
Research in which the same sample of subjects is studied at two or more points in time, usually to assess changes that occur over time
Panel study
The defined group of individuals from which a sample is drawn
Population
Type of sampling procedure in which one is able to specify the probability that any member of the population will be included in the sample
Probability sampling
A type of haphazard sample conducted to obtain predetermined types of individuals for the sample
Purposive sample
A sampling procedure in which the sample is chosen to reflect the numerical composition of various subgroups in the population.
Quota sampling
A sample that is obtained at random
Random sample
A scale that asks people to provide “how much”judgments on any number of dimensions
Rating scale
The percentage of people selected for a sample who actually completed a survey
Response rate
A pattern of response to questions on a self-report measure that is not related to the content of the questions
Response set
The process of choosing members of the population to be included in the sample
Sampling
When you measure a single individual on a variable be obtained score may deviate from the true score
Sampling error
The individuals or clusters of individuals in a population who might actually be selected for inclusion in the sample
Sampling frame
Measure of the meaning of concepts that was developed by Osgood and his associates. Respondents rate any concept – person, object, behaviors, ideas – on a series of bipolar additive using seven-point scales.
Semantic differential scale
A sampling procedure in which each member of the population has a equal probability of being included in the sample
Simple random sampling
A probability sampling method in which a population is divided into subpopulation groups called strata; individuals are then randomly sampled from each of the strata
Stratified random sampling
Employs the use of questionnaires and interviews to ask people to provide information about themselves – their attitudes and beliefs, demographics and other facts
Survey research
An interview that takes place over the telephone
Telephone interview
When you asked several questions about a topic, a respondent may employ a response set to agree or disagree with all of the questions
Yea-saying or nay-saying
