Chapter 6 & 7 Flashcards
athr/o
joint
brachi/o
arm
burs/o
bursa
cancane/o
heel
carp/o
wrist
cephal/o
head
cervic/o
neck
chondr/o
cartilage
condyl/o
knob/knuckle
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
dactyl/o
fingers, toes
fasci/o
fascia
femor/o
femur
humer/o
humerous
lumb/o
lumbar
maxill/o
upper jaw
metacarp/o
metacarpal
my/o
muscle
myel/o
spinal cord/ bone marrow
oste/o
bone
patell/o
knee
ped/o, pod/o
foot
pelv/o
pelvis
phalang/o
finger/toe
pod/o
foot
rachi/o
spine
radi/o
forearm bone
scapul/o
scapula
scoli/o
curved
stern/o
sternum
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o,
tendon
thorac/o
thorax
tibi/o
tibia
uln/o
ulna
vertebr/o
vertebra
Cells of the bones
osteocytes
a soft substance that makes up the done, outer ears, and is present in fetanl development as a softer and flexible framework, until the hardening of the bones begins
cartilage
bone forming cells
osteoblasts
bone break down/reabsorbing cells
osteoclasts
What is needed for ossification
calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D
Form the legs and arms of the body
long bones
Diaphyses
central part of long bone
2 ends of the long bones, (proximal and distal)
epiphysis
connective tissue in long bones, produces blood cells, such as red blood cells
bone marrow
skull bone that protects brain
cranium
lower jawbone
mandible
What cavity are the ribs in
thoracic
how many total ribs?
12
How many true ribs?
7
How many false ribs?
5
Breast bone that directly connects true ribs
sternum
collarbone that connects spapula
clavicle
bone in outside upper back that connects to the clavicle to form the shoulder
scapula
How many sets of vertebrae?`
5
How many cervical vertebrae?
7
How many thoracic vertebrae?
12
How many lumbar vertebrae?
5
Curved bone at the bottom of the lower back (birth it is 5 separate bones)
sacrum
tailbone (4 vertebrae bones fused together)
coccyx
Humerus
upper arm bone
ulna & radius
bones that make up the forearm
Is ulna or radius on thumb side?
radius
8 bones of the wrist
carpals
5 bones of the palm
metacarpals
fingers or toes
phalanges
Largest bone in the body
femur
shin bone
tibia
smaller lower leg bone
fibula
knee bone
patella
large heel bone at the back of the food
calcaneus
7 bones that make up the moving heel joint
tarsals
mid foot bones
metatarsals
large bone made the illium, ischium, & pubis that form hips and support weight of the upper body
pelvic girdle
fibrous tissue the connects bones to bones
ligaments
fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bones
tendons
Muscle that contracts without moving
involuntary (smooth & cardiac)
muscle that contracts at will
skeletal
bend in a limb
flex
straightening of a limb
extension
circular movement
rotation
move away from the body
abduction
move towards the body
adduction
turn up
supination
turn down
pronation
bend up
dorsiflexation
bend down
plantar flexion
specializes in musculoskeletal system
orthopedist
specialized in joints
rheumatologist
treats disorders of the foot
podiatrist
manipulates spine to treat disorders
chiropractor
x-ray to look at joints
arthrogram
internal joint exam via incision
arthroscopy
myelogram
x-ray to look at spinal cord/ bone marrow
measures electrical activity of muscles
electromyogram
looks for tumors in bones
bone scan
used to measure degree of movement in joints
goniometer
medicine that relieves muscle stiffness
muscle relaxant
medicine that releases inflammation without steroid
NSAID
medicine to relieve pain
analgesic
medicine used to relieve severe pain
narcotic/opiod
Abbreviation for range of motion
ROM
Abbreviation for active range of motion
AROM
Abbreviation for passive range of motion
PROM
Abbreviation for above the knee amputee
AKA
Abbreviation for below the knee amputee
BKA
Dendrites bring messages__ the cell body
toward
Axons bring messages__ from the cell body
away
Cerebrell/o
cerebellum
cerebr/o
cerebrum
cephal/o
head
encephal/o
brain
mening/o, meningi/o
meninges
myel/o
bone marrow or spinal cord
neur/o
nerve
spin/o
spine
ventricul/o
venticle
pain in an area
algia
surgical repair
plasty
surgical removal of
ectomy
cutting into
otomy
suture
rrhaphy
recording of
gram
recording instrument
graph
process of recording
graphy
fainting, related to oxygen loss to the brain
synscope
Clot that travels in the bloodstream to a place in the body and causes block of blood flow
embolus
difficulty speaking
dysphasia
cannot speak
aphasia
something you are born with
congenital
walk
gait
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
what 2 parts make up the CNS
Brain & spinal cord
What part of the nervous system receives impulses, processes info, responds
CNS
Most basic part of a nerve (nerve cell)
neuron
what are the 3 parts of the neuron
cell body, dendrites, & axons
what covers the axons
myelin sheath
spaces between dendrites and acons
synapses
thin membrane that covers brain and spinal cord
meninges
fluid that cushions the brain and spinal cord
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
4 open areas in the brain that also contain CSF
venticles
How much does a human brain weigh?
3 lbs
what percent water is the brain?
85%
how many neurons in the brain
100 billion
What part of the nervous system includes all nerves that are not part of the CNS
peripheral
Somatic and autonomic are the two parts of the what?
PNS
Sympathetic is
fight of flight
parasympathetic is
rest and digest
spaces where physical may inject medicine between the meninges and vertebrae
epidural space
Put needle into epidural space to test CSF
lumbar puncture
Cerebral vascular accident- sudden weakness in one side of the body cussing dysphasia
stroke
deterioration in memory capacity, neurons degenerate, amnesia, apraxia (cannot properlu use objects, agnosia (cant understand)
Dementia
inflammation of meninges
meningitis
injury to the brain from trauma
concussion
destruction of myelin of acon leading to muscle weakness and unsteady gait
Multiple Sclerosis
Seizure (extra electric activity in brain)
epilepsy
spina bifida
meninges poke outside
electroencephalogram abbreviation
EEG
transient ischemic attach (lack of oxygen) abbreviation
TIA
Cerebral vascular attack abbreviation
CVA
Central nervous system abbreviation
CNS
peripheral nervous system abbreviation
PNS
cerebral spinal fluid abbreviation
CSF
Level of consciousness abbreviation
LOC
