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MicroBilology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Microbial growth

A

Orderly and permanent increase of the mass of an individual or a population of microbes.

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2
Q

Reproduction

A

Is an increase in the numbers of individuals and can be independent of growth, although the result of reproduction is usually growth.

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3
Q

Growth Requirements

A

Nutrients, - carbon, oxygen nitrogen and hydrogen

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4
Q

Chemical and energy requirements

A

Nutrients - sources of carbon, energy and electrons

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5
Q

Chemical and energy requirements 2 - groups of organisms source of carbon

A

-Autotrophs -heterotrophs

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6
Q

Chemical and energy requirements 2 - groups of organisms

A
  • chemotrophs - phototrophs
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7
Q

Physical requirements temperature

A

Effect of temperature on proteins - very high temp can cause denaturing Effect of temperature on membrane of cells and organelles -if too low, membranes become rigid and fragile -if too high, membranes become too fluid

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8
Q

Effects of temperature on bacterial growth

A

Psychrophiles: “cold lovers” grow at -5C to 20C Mesophiles: “middle-loving”, grow at 15C-45C Thermophiles: “heat-lovers”, grow at 45C-80C

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9
Q

Physical requirements: pH

A

Neutrophils - normal Range (6.5-7.5) Acidophiles - best grown in acidic habitats Alkalinophiles - live in alkaline soils and water

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10
Q

Acidophiles

A

Grow best in acidic habitats

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11
Q

Alkalinophiles

A

Live in alkaline soils and water

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12
Q

Isotonic solution

A

No bet movement of water

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13
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

War will move into the cell (cell swells up and can lyse)

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14
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Water moves out of the cell (cell shrinks, plasmolysis)

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15
Q

Hydrostatic pressure Barophiles

A

Live under extreme pressure. Depends on pressure to maintain shape

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16
Q

O2 requirements Obligate Aerobe

A

O2 is essential

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17
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

O2 is deadly

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18
Q

Radical

A

Oxydation

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19
Q

Superoxide Radical (SOR)

A

Extremely toxic to living cells

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20
Q

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

A

Enzyme that neutralizes SOR -produced by all organisms in the presence of O2. SOD coverts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is also toxic

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21
Q

2 enzymes that naturalize Hydrogen Peroxide

A

Catalase Peroxidase

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22
Q

Catalase

A

presence of this enzyme in an organism can be detected by applying hydrogen peroxide to a culture (on solid media) and observing presence of bubbles.

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23
Q

Peroxidase

A

no bubbles reaction doesn’t produce gaseous oxygen, no bubbling and be seen when applying hydrogen peroxide

24
Q

Obligate Aerobes

A

require oxygen for growth

25
Q

Facultative Anaerobes

A

can grow with or without oxygen (prefers CO2 than oxygen)

26
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

cannot tolerate molecular oxygen (prefers CO2)

27
Q

An organism growing at the top of a broth is most likely to be…

A
28
Q

Anabolism seases because of…

A

insufficient nitrogen

29
Q

Nitrogen is acquired from…

A

organic and inorganic nutrients

30
Q

All cells recycle nitrogen from

A

amino acides and nucleotides

31
Q

Nitrogen fixation by certain bacteria is…

A

essential to life on earth

32
Q

Other Chemical Requirements

A

Phosporus

Sulfur

Trace elements - small amounts of zinc, manganese, chromium,

Growth Factors - Necessary organic chemicals that cannot be synthesized by certain organisms

33
Q

Vit/Min are?

A

Cofactors

34
Q

Cultures composed of cells arising from a sing progenitor called a

A

CFU - one species aka pure culture

35
Q

Aseptic technique prevents contaimination of

A

sterile substances or objects

36
Q

2 common isolation techniques

A
  • streak plate
  • Pure plates
37
Q

most microorganisms in nature are found in

A

mixed cultures

38
Q

Isolation of colonies is done using what technique

A

steak plate technique

39
Q

Which technique prevents contamination of sterile substances or objects

A

Aseptic Technique

40
Q

Each isolated colony begins as a single bacterium called:

A

CFU

41
Q

Broths is used for what?

A

rapid growth

42
Q

Maintenance of cultures are stored in

A

Slants

43
Q

a synthetic or complex medium can be solidified using agar

A

Solid Media

44
Q

Usually .5% agar, used for motility studies (SIM medium)

A

Semi-solid media

45
Q

not agar, but broth; used for propagation of cultures

A

Liquid Media

46
Q

nutrient material prepared for the growth of microorganisims in the laboratory ( must initially be sterile)

A

Culture media

47
Q

made of known amounts of chemicals

A

synthetic (or defined) medium

48
Q

some ingredients are of unknown composition or amount (extracts of plants, yeast or meat). known as?

  • Nutrients broth / TSA
  • Tryptic soy broth (TSB)
A

Complex medium

49
Q

A culture intended to be kept for a long period of time is best kept in a…

A

Agar Slant

50
Q

Generial Media

A

provies basic needs of organisms

51
Q

encourages the growth of certain organism while discouraging the growth of others:

A

Selective medium

52
Q

Selective for Gram -

A

McConkey

selective and differential medium

53
Q

Selective for Gram +

A

Columbia

54
Q

distinguishes between different groups of bacteria - the media contains constituents which cause an observable change ( color or pH)

A

Differential Medium

55
Q

Differential Medium that caintains lactose and neutral red, lactose

A

MacConkey

Gram negative -

56
Q

binary fission produces two identical cells, each with one full chromosome

A

Bacterial division

MicroBilology (9 decks)

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