Chapter 6 Flashcards
Ant-intersection adjective
An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.
Antonymy
A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite.
Compositional semantics
A subfield of semanitcs that studies the meaning of phrasal expressions and how those meaning arise given the meaning of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined.
Converses
Anytonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposition to that of the second word.
Entailment
A relationship between prepositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true q has to be true as well.
Gradable antonyms
Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.
Linguistics
The scientific study of language.
Hyponymy
A meaning relationship between words where the reference of some word X is include in the reference of some other word Y.X is then said to be a hyponym of Y and conversely Y is said to be a hypernym of X.
Incompatable
The relationship between two prepositions where it is impossible to for both of them to be true simultaneously.
Idioms
A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional
Interesective adjectives
An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.
Lexical semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies meaning of lexical expressions
Mental Image Definition
A conceptions of a word’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meanings.
Mutual entailment
The relationship between two prepositions where they entail one another.
Non-intersection adjective
An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to but that does not in and of itself refer to any particular set of things
Preposition
The name of lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, ect. Syntactically this category consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in an expression of category prepositional phrase.
Principle of compositionality
The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meaning of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.
Prototype
For any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set.
Pure intersection
The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the references set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.
Reference
A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world.
Referents
An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.
Reverses
Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that “ undoes” the movement suggested by the other.
Semantics
The study of linguistics meanings.
Sense
A mental representation of an expression’s meaning .
Sister terms
Words that, in terms of their reference are at the same level in the hierarchy i.e, have exactly the same hypernyms.
Subsective adjectives
An adjective whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun it modifies refers to.
Synonymy
A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same.
Truth conditions
The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.
Truth Value
Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.
Usage Based Definition
A characterization of a word’s sense based on the way that the word is used by speakers or a language.
