Chapter 6

Question 1

Ant-intersection adjective

Answer 1

An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.

Question 2

Antonymy

Answer 2

A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite.

Question 3

Compositional semantics

Answer 3

A subfield of semanitcs that studies the meaning of phrasal expressions and how those meaning arise given the meaning of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 4

Converses

Answer 4

Anytonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposition to that of the second word.

Question 5

Entailment

Answer 5

A relationship between prepositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true q has to be true as well.

Question 6

Gradable antonyms

Answer 6

Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.

Question 7

Linguistics

Answer 7

The scientific study of language.

Question 8

Hyponymy

Answer 8

A meaning relationship between words where the reference of some word X is include in the reference of some other word Y.X is then said to be a hyponym of Y and conversely Y is said to be a hypernym of X.

Question 9

Incompatable

Answer 9

The relationship between two prepositions where it is impossible to for both of them to be true simultaneously.

Question 10

Idioms

Answer 10

A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional

Question 11

Interesective adjectives

Answer 11

An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.

Question 12

Lexical semantics

Answer 12

A subfield of semantics that studies meaning of lexical expressions

Question 13

Mental Image Definition

Answer 13

A conceptions of a word’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meanings.

Question 14

Mutual entailment

Answer 14

The relationship between two prepositions where they entail one another.

Question 15

Non-intersection adjective

Answer 15

An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to but that does not in and of itself refer to any particular set of things

Question 16

Preposition

Answer 16

The name of lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, ect. Syntactically this category consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in an expression of category prepositional phrase.

Question 17

Principle of compositionality

Answer 17

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meaning of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

Question 18

Prototype

Answer 18

For any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set.

Question 19

Pure intersection

Answer 19

The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the references set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.

Question 20

Reference

Answer 20

A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world.

Question 21

Referents

Answer 21

An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.

Question 22

Reverses

Answer 22

Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that “ undoes” the movement suggested by the other.

Question 23

Semantics

Answer 23

The study of linguistics meanings.

Question 24

Sense

Answer 24

A mental representation of an expression’s meaning .

Question 25

Sister terms

Answer 25

Words that, in terms of their reference are at the same level in the hierarchy i.e, have exactly the same hypernyms.

Question 26

Subsective adjectives

Answer 26

An adjective whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun it modifies refers to.

Question 27

Synonymy

Answer 27

A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same.

Question 28

Truth conditions

Answer 28

The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.

Question 29

Truth Value

Answer 29

Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.

Question 30

Usage Based Definition

Answer 30

A characterization of a word’s sense based on the way that the word is used by speakers or a language.