Chapter 3 Flashcards
Phonology
The study of sound system of a language, how the particular sounds contrast in each language to form an integrated system for encoding information, and how such systems differ from one language to another.
phonetic inventories
The set of sounds that are produced as part of the grammar of a language.
Phonotactic constraints
Restriction on possible combination of sounds, often in particular environments.
Sound substitution
A process whereby sounds that already exist in a language are used to replace sounds that do not exist in the language when borrowing or when a speaker is trying to pronounce a foreign word.
Allophones
One of a set of noncontrastive realizations of the same phoneme; an actual phonetic segment.
Phonemes
A class of speech sounds identified by a native speaker as the same sound.
Phonetic environment
The sounds that come before and after a particular sound in a word.
Contrastive distribution
The occurrence of sounds in a language such that their use distinguishes between the meanings of the words in which they appear, indicating that those sounds are phonemes of the language in question.
Complementary distribution
The occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment. Sounds that are in complementary distribution are allophones of the same phoneme.
Overlapping distribution
The occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments.
Sibilant
A member of the natural class of sounds that are characterized by a high-pitched hissing quality.
Obstruents
A natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off.
Sonorants
Sound produced with a relatively open passage of airflow.
Assimilation
A process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some features.
Dissimulation
Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some features.
Palatalization
A process wherein a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation, usually in assimiliation to high or mid front vowels like [i] or [e].
Vowel harmony
Long- distance assimilation between vowels.
Monosyllabic
Consisting of only one syllable.
Flapping
A sound produced by bringing two articulators together very quickly
Aspiration
A puff of air that follows the release of a consonant when there is a delay in the onset of voicing.
Metathesis
Switching of the order of two sounds, each taking the place of the other.
Free Variation
Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environment but cause no distinction int he meaning or their respective words.
Insertion
Phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonemic form is added in the phonetic form.
Underlying Forms
The phonemic form of a word or morpheme before phonological rules are applied.
Implicational law
Observation about language universals that takes the form of an implication.
