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English 211 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Adjective

A

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category.

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2
Q

adjunct

A

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called modifier.

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3
Q

adverb

A

the name of a lexical expression such as quickly, well, furiously, etc. syntactically, adverbs can be verb phrase adjunct.

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4
Q

agreement

A

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence (e.g. a verb and its subject) must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.

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5
Q

ambiguity

A

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form(e.g. a word or a string of words) can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression.

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6
Q

argument

A

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well

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7
Q

cleft

A

a type of sentence that has the general form it is/was X that Y, e.g., it eas sally that wanted to meet. Can be used as a constituency test.

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8
Q

complement

A

a non-subject argument of some expression.

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9
Q

Co-Occurrence

A

the set of syntactic properties that determines which expression may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence.

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10
Q

count noun

A

in simple terms, a noun that can be counted and pluralized.

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11
Q

determiner

A

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, ect.

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12
Q

ditransitive verb

A

the name of a syntactic category that consist of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase.

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13
Q

grammatical

A

a term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules.

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14
Q

grammaticality language

A

an instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native language.

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15
Q

homophony

A

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, i.e, sound the same.

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16
Q

intransitive verb

A

the name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase

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17
Q

lexical ambiguity

A

the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.

18
Q

linguistic expression

A

a piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic properties.

19
Q

mass noun

A

in simple terms, a noun that cannot be counted and cannot be pluralized.

20
Q

noun phrase

A

the name of a syntactic category that consist of proper name, pronouns and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution.

21
Q

object

A

a noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in English. A noun phrase complement.

22
Q

phrase structure rule

A

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories.

23
Q

preposition

A

the name of lexical category and a syntactic category that consist of expressions such as of, in, for, with, ect.

24
Q

prepositional phrase

A

the name of a syntactic category that consist of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase.

25
Q

principle of compositionality

A

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predicable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

26
Q

pro-form

A

a word (e.g. a pronoun) that can replace a syntactic constituent.

27
Q

sentential complement verb

A

the name of syntactic category that consist of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a sentence as its complement.

28
Q

structural ambiguity

A

the phenomenon where a single string of words (or morphemes) is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression ( or word).

29
Q

subject

A

an expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase in an English sentence.

30
Q

substitution

A

in syntax, a constituency test that involves replacing a constituent with a single word (or simple phrase) such as a pro-form.

31
Q

syntactic category

A

a group of expressions that have similar syntactic properties.

32
Q

syntactic constituent

A

a group of linguistic expressions that have very similar syntactic properties.

33
Q

syntactic constituents

A

a group of linguistic expressions that have syntactic unit within some larger expression; that smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expression was constructed in accordance with the phrase structure.

34
Q

syntactic distributions

A

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur.

35
Q

syntactic properties

A

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co- occurrence properties.

36
Q

syntax

A

a component of mental grammar that deals with constructing phrasal expressions out of smaller expressions.

37
Q

topicalization

A

a syntactic process by which (in English) a syntactic constituent occurs at the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion.

38
Q

transitive verb

A

the name of a syntactic category that consist of those expressions that if combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a noun phrase complement.

39
Q

ungrammatical

A

not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules.

40
Q

word order

A

the linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression.

English 211 (7 decks)

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