Chapter 5

Question 1

Adjective

Answer 1

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category.

Question 2

adjunct

Answer 2

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called modifier.

Question 3

adverb

Answer 3

the name of a lexical expression such as quickly, well, furiously, etc. syntactically, adverbs can be verb phrase adjunct.

Question 4

agreement

Answer 4

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence (e.g. a verb and its subject) must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.

Question 5

ambiguity

Answer 5

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form(e.g. a word or a string of words) can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression.

Question 6

argument

Answer 6

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well

Question 7

cleft

Answer 7

a type of sentence that has the general form it is/was X that Y, e.g., it eas sally that wanted to meet. Can be used as a constituency test.

Question 8

complement

Answer 8

a non-subject argument of some expression.

Question 9

Co-Occurrence

Answer 9

the set of syntactic properties that determines which expression may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence.

Question 10

count noun

Answer 10

in simple terms, a noun that can be counted and pluralized.

Question 11

determiner

Answer 11

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, ect.

Question 12

ditransitive verb

Answer 12

the name of a syntactic category that consist of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase.

Question 13

grammatical

Answer 13

a term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules.

Question 14

grammaticality language

Answer 14

an instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native language.

Question 15

homophony

Answer 15

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, i.e, sound the same.

Question 16

intransitive verb

Answer 16

the name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase

Question 17

lexical ambiguity

Answer 17

the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.

Question 18

linguistic expression

Answer 18

a piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic properties.

Question 19

mass noun

Answer 19

in simple terms, a noun that cannot be counted and cannot be pluralized.

Question 20

noun phrase

Answer 20

the name of a syntactic category that consist of proper name, pronouns and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution.

Question 21

object

Answer 21

a noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in English. A noun phrase complement.

Question 22

phrase structure rule

Answer 22

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories.

Question 23

preposition

Answer 23

the name of lexical category and a syntactic category that consist of expressions such as of, in, for, with, ect.

Question 24

prepositional phrase

Answer 24

the name of a syntactic category that consist of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase.

Question 25

principle of compositionality

Answer 25

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predicable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

Question 26

pro-form

Answer 26

a word (e.g. a pronoun) that can replace a syntactic constituent.

Question 27

sentential complement verb

Answer 27

the name of syntactic category that consist of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a sentence as its complement.

Question 28

structural ambiguity

Answer 28

the phenomenon where a single string of words (or morphemes) is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression ( or word).

Question 29

subject

Answer 29

an expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase in an English sentence.

Question 30

substitution

Answer 30

in syntax, a constituency test that involves replacing a constituent with a single word (or simple phrase) such as a pro-form.

Question 31

syntactic category

Answer 31

a group of expressions that have similar syntactic properties.

Question 32

syntactic constituent

Answer 32

a group of linguistic expressions that have very similar syntactic properties.

Question 33

syntactic constituents

Answer 33

a group of linguistic expressions that have syntactic unit within some larger expression; that smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expression was constructed in accordance with the phrase structure.

Question 34

syntactic distributions

Answer 34

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur.

Question 35

syntactic properties

Answer 35

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co- occurrence properties.

Question 36

syntax

Answer 36

a component of mental grammar that deals with constructing phrasal expressions out of smaller expressions.

Question 37

topicalization

Answer 37

a syntactic process by which (in English) a syntactic constituent occurs at the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion.

Question 38

transitive verb

Answer 38

the name of a syntactic category that consist of those expressions that if combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a noun phrase complement.

Question 39

ungrammatical

Answer 39

not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules.

Question 40

word order

Answer 40

the linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression.