Chapter 6 Flashcards
Skeletal Cartilage
Is made of some variety of cartilage tissue which consists primarily of water.
Perichondrium
- A layer of dense irregular CT
- Acts like a girdle to resist outward expansion when cartilage is compressed
- Contains blood vessels from which nutrients diffuse through the matrix to reach the cartilage cells
3 Types of Cartilage Tissues in the Body
Name for mature cartilage cells?
Chondrocytes encased in lacunae
Hyalie Cartilage
Looks like frosted glass, provides support and flexibility and resilience
Articular Cartilage
Covers ends of most bones at movable joints
Costal Cartilage
Connects ribs to sternum
Respiratory Cartilage
Larynx and reinforces other respiratory passageways
Nasal Cartilage
Supports external nose
Elastic Cartilage
- Looks like hyaline cartilage, but contains more stretchy elastic fibers
- External ear
- Epiglottis
Fibrocartilage
- Highly compressible and have great tensile strength
- Intermediate between hyaline and elastic
- Consists of roughly parallel rows of chondrocytes alternating with thick collagen fiber
- Occur in menesci of the knee and vertebral discs
Appositional Growth
Growth from outside, cartilage-forming cells in surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage tissue
Interstitial Growth
Growth from inside, lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix expanding the cartilage from within
Axial Skeleton
Skull
Vertebral Column
Rib Cage
*Long axis of the body
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the upper and lover limbs and girdles (hip and shoulder); also responsible for locomotion
Long Bones
- Longer than they are wide
- Shaft and 2 ends
- Limb bones except the wrist, ankle, and patella
Short Bones
Sesamoid Bones
- Roughly cube shaped
- Bones of wrist and ankles
- Special type of short bone, act to alter the direction of pull of a tendon
- Patella
Flat Bones
- Thin, flattened, usually curved
- Sternum, scapula, ribs, most skull bones
Irregular Bones
- Have complicated shapes that don’t fit in any other class
- Vertebra, hips
Functions of Bones
- Support (provides a framework that supports the body and cradles its soft organs)
- Protection (fused bones of the skull protecting the brain)
- Movement (Skeletal muscles which attach to bones by tendons use bones as levers to move the body)
- Mineral Storage (is a reservoir for minerals, calcium and phosphate, released into the bloodstream as needed for distribution)
- Blood Cell Formation (hematopoiesis occurs in the marrow cavities of some bones)
Bone Structure
- Macroscopic
- Microscopic
- Chemical Composition of Bone
How many bones in the body?
206
