Chapter 6

Question 1

Skeletal Cartilage

Answer 1

Is made of some variety of cartilage tissue which consists primarily of water.

Question 2

Perichondrium

Answer 2

• A layer of dense irregular CT
• Acts like a girdle to resist outward expansion when cartilage is compressed
• Contains blood vessels from which nutrients diffuse through the matrix to reach the cartilage cells

Question 3

3 Types of Cartilage Tissues in the Body

Name for mature cartilage cells?

Answer 3

Chondrocytes encased in lacunae

Question 4

Hyalie Cartilage

Answer 4

Looks like frosted glass, provides support and flexibility and resilience

Question 5

Articular Cartilage

Answer 5

Covers ends of most bones at movable joints

Question 6

Costal Cartilage

Answer 6

Connects ribs to sternum

Question 7

Respiratory Cartilage

Answer 7

Larynx and reinforces other respiratory passageways

Question 8

Nasal Cartilage

Answer 8

Supports external nose

Question 9

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 9

• Looks like hyaline cartilage, but contains more stretchy elastic fibers
• External ear
• Epiglottis

Question 10

Fibrocartilage

Answer 10

• Highly compressible and have great tensile strength
• Intermediate between hyaline and elastic
• Consists of roughly parallel rows of chondrocytes alternating with thick collagen fiber
• Occur in menesci of the knee and vertebral discs

Question 11

Appositional Growth

Answer 11

Growth from outside, cartilage-forming cells in surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage tissue

Question 12

Interstitial Growth

Answer 12

Growth from inside, lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix expanding the cartilage from within

Question 13

Axial Skeleton

Answer 13

Skull
Vertebral Column
Rib Cage
*Long axis of the body

Question 14

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 14

Bones of the upper and lover limbs and girdles (hip and shoulder); also responsible for locomotion

Question 15

Long Bones

Answer 15

• Longer than they are wide
• Shaft and 2 ends
• Limb bones except the wrist, ankle, and patella

Question 16

Short Bones

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 16

• Roughly cube shaped
• Bones of wrist and ankles
• Special type of short bone, act to alter the direction of pull of a tendon
• Patella

Question 17

Flat Bones

Answer 17

• Thin, flattened, usually curved

- Sternum, scapula, ribs, most skull bones

Question 18

Irregular Bones

Answer 18

• Have complicated shapes that don’t fit in any other class

- Vertebra, hips

Question 19

Functions of Bones

Answer 19

• Support (provides a framework that supports the body and cradles its soft organs)
• Protection (fused bones of the skull protecting the brain)
• Movement (Skeletal muscles which attach to bones by tendons use bones as levers to move the body)
• Mineral Storage (is a reservoir for minerals, calcium and phosphate, released into the bloodstream as needed for distribution)
• Blood Cell Formation (hematopoiesis occurs in the marrow cavities of some bones)

Question 20

Bone Structure

Answer 20

• Macroscopic
• Microscopic
• Chemical Composition of Bone

Question 21

How many bones in the body?

Answer 21

206