Chapter 6

Question 1

primates

Answer 1

members of the mammalian order Primates which includes lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans

Question 2

anthropoids

Answer 2

members of the primate infraorder Anthropoidea which includes monkeys, apes, and humans

Question 3

morphology

Answer 3

the form of anatomical structures; can also refer to the entire organism

Question 4

omnivorous

Answer 4

having a diet consisting of many food types, such as plant materials, meat, and insects

Question 5

diurnal

Answer 5

active during the day

Question 6

olfaction

Answer 6

the sense of smell

Question 7

nocturnal

Answer 7

active during the night

Question 8

stereoscopic vision

Answer 8

the condition whereby visual images are, to varying degrees, superimposed; provides for depth perception/viewing the external environment in three dimensions; partly a function of structures in the brain

Question 9

binocular vision

Answer 9

vision characterized by overlapping visual fields provided by forward-facing eyes; essential to depth perception

Question 10

hemisphere

Answer 10

one of the two halves of the cerebrum, which are connected by a dense mass of fibers (the cerebrum is the large rounded outer portion of the brain)

Question 11

neocortex

Answer 11

the more recently evolved portions of the cortex (outer layer) of the brain that are involved with higher mental functions and composed of areas that integrate incoming information from different sensory organs

Question 12

sensory modalities

Answer 12

different forms of sensation (touch pain, pressure, heat, cold, vision, taste, hearing, and smell)

Question 13

arboreal

Answer 13

tree living; adapted to life in the trees

Question 14

adaptive niche

Answer 14

an organism’s entire way of life; where it lives, what it eats, how it gets food, how it avoids predators, etc.

Question 15

dental formula

Answer 15

numerical device that indicates the number of each type of tooth in each side of the upper and lower jaws

Question 16

cusps

Answer 16

the bumps on the chewing surface of premolars and molars

Question 17

quadrupedal

Answer 17

using all four limbs to support the body during locomotion; the basic mammalian (and primate) form of locomotion

Question 18

brachiation

Answer 18

arm swinging, a form of locomotion used by some primates; involved hanging from a branch and moving by alternately swinging from one arm to the other

Question 19

Strepsirhini

Answer 19

the primate suborder that includes lemurs and lorises

Question 20

Haplorhini

Answer 20

the primate suborder that includes tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans

Question 21

rhinarium

Answer 21

the moist, hairless pad at the end of the nose seen in most mammalian species; enhances an animal’s ability to smell

Question 22

Cercopithecidae

Answer 22

the taxanomic family that includes all Old World monkeys

Question 23

cercopithecines

Answer 23

common name for members of the subfamily of Old World monkeys that includes baboons, macaques, and guenons

Question 24

colobines

Answer 24

common name for members of the subfamily of Old World monkeys that includes the African colobus monkeys and Asian langurs

Question 25

sexual dimorphism

Answer 25

differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species; ex: humans are slightly sexually dimorphic for body size, with males being taller, on average, than females of the same population; very pronounced in many species, such as gorillas

Question 26

hominoids

Answer 26

members of the primate superfamily, which includes apes and humans

Question 27

territorial

Answer 27

pertaining to the protection of all or a part of the area occupied by an animal or groups of animals; territorial behaviors range from scent marking to outright attacks on intruders

Question 28

frugivorous

Answer 28

having a diet composed primarily of fruits

Question 29

natal group

Answer 29

the group in which animals are born and raised

Question 30

intelligence

Answer 30

mental capacity; ability to learn, reason, or comprehend and interpret information, facts, relationships, and meanings; the capacity to solve problems, whether through the application of previously acquired knowledge or through insight