Chapter 12

Question 1

Middle Pleistocene

Answer 1

the portion of the Pleistocene epoch beginning 780,000 ya and ending 150,000 ya

Question 2

Late Pleistocene

Answer 2

the portion of the Pleistocene epoch beginning 125,000 ya and ending 10,000 ya

Question 3

glaciations

Answer 3

climatic intervals when continental ice sheets cover much of the northern continents; associated with colder temperatures in northern latitudes and more arid conditions in southern latitudes, most notably in Africa

Question 4

interglacials

Answer 4

climatic intervals when continental ice sheets are retreating, eventually becoming much reduced in size; northern latitudes are associated with warmer temperatures, while in southern latitudes the climate becomes wetter

Question 5

flexed

Answer 5

the position of the body in a bent orientation, with arms and legs drawn up to the chest

Question 6

Upper Paleolithic

Answer 6

a cultural period usually associated with modern humans but also found with some Neandertals and distinguished by technological innovation in various stone tool industries; best known from western Europe, similar industries are also known from central and eastern Europe and Africa

Question 7

Chatelperronian

Answer 7

pertaining to an Upper Paleolithic industry found in France and Spain, containing blade tools and associated with Neandertals

Question 8

Mousterian

Answer 8

pertaining to the stone tool industry associated with Neandertals and some modern H. sapiens groups; also called Middle Paleolithic; characterized by a larger proportion of flake tools than is found in Acheulian tool kits