chapter 6

Question 1

what mac address is used as the multi-area address on ethernet/ broadcast networks?

Answer 1

001-00-5E

Question 2

what command is entered on a switch to see the type of (SDM) Switch Database Management

Answer 2

show sdm prefer

land-base routing, etc

Question 3

what command is entered on a switch to see the type/ model device being used?

Answer 3

show flash

Question 4

what should be used instead of the command ‘ping’ to test connectivity on a network?

Answer 4

trace-route

Question 5

how do u use an extended ping?

Answer 5

you use the source address of where u are sending the ping from as the source address. this way the ping is not sent from the destination routers interface ip address and is more accurate in testing connectivity.

Question 6

what is SPI?

Answer 6

security policy index

Question 7

what is default originate?

Answer 7

?

Question 8

in OSPF what is a regular area?

Answer 8

a non-backbone area. used to connect end users. does not allow traffic from a diff. area o travel through this area to get to a destination, instead this other area must travel through a backbone or area 0. regular area can have subtypes.

Question 9

in ospf what is a backbone area?

Answer 9

area 0: transit area. function is to quickly move ip packets. used to connect regular (non-backbone) areas to one another.

Question 10

what are the 4 types of OSPF routers?

Answer 10

internal router
backbone router
area boarder router (ABR)
autonomous system boundry router (ASBR)

Question 11

what does the internal router do?

Answer 11

all of its interfaces are in the same area and have identical LSDB (link state databases)

Question 12

what is the purpose of a backbone router?

Answer 12

router(s) is set to 0. the router is responsible for moving ip packets between network areas and is a router inside area 0 (the backbone).

Question 13

what is the purpose of the ABR?

Answer 13

Area Boarder Router- a router that is at the boarder of one area and is connected to another area like area 0. this router maintains (LSDB)’s link state databases for each area that is connected. route summerization can be configured for each area within the ABR.

Question 14

what is a ASBR?

Answer 14

Autonomous System Boundry Router: has at least 1 interface attached to an external internetwork (such as a non-ospf network)

Question 15

what are the main 5 types of LSA?

Answer 15

link state advertisement types:
1- Router LSA
2- Network LSA
3 and 4-Summary LSA
5- External LSA

Question 16

what is the LSA type 1?

Answer 16

Router LSA: all routers generate this in an ospf network. flooded within an area but do not go beyond the ABR. *all directly connected OSPF enabled links are advertised in a type 1 LSA and forward network info to other OSPF neighbors.

Question 17

what are router link entries? what type of LSA?

Answer 17

LSA type 1. a list of directly connected interfaces, link types and link states.

Question 18

what is a type 1 LSA?

Answer 18

Type 1 LSAs include a list of directly connected network prefixes and link types.
All routers generate type 1 LSAs.
Type 1 LSAs are flooded within the area and do not propagate beyond an ABR.

Question 19

NBMA?

Answer 19

non-broadcast multiaccess -such as a serial link connected area like area 0

Question 20

what is a type 2 LSA?

Answer 20

The purpose of a type 2 LSA is to give other routers information about multiaccess networks within the same area…
**the LSA type 2 is created by the DR in a single area then sent to all other routers within that same area and not beyond. the LSA-2 has the DR router id and ip address, also has the router id’s of all other routers on the multiaccess segment. **2 routers and a DR is needed for LSA-2 to be made.

Question 21

what is a type 3 LSA?

Answer 21

A link state advertisement that is used by ABR’s to advertise networks from other areas. every ospf route on an ABR gets a type 3 LSA and this can cause flooding issues if many network exist. (summerization recommended)

Question 22

how are type 3 LSA identified?

Answer 22

by the network address.

Question 23

what is a type 3 LSA?

Answer 23

A link state advertisement that is used by ABR’s to advertise networks from other areas. every ospf route on an ABR gets a type 3 LSA and this can cause flooding issues if many network exist. (summerization recommended). *routes are added to a routers routing table without the SPF algorithm running.

Question 24

type 4 LSA?

Answer 24

used to advertise the ASBR to other areas and provide a route to the ASBR. *regenerated by other ABR’s to pass on the LSA-4 .**identified by the router ID of the ASBR

Question 25

type 4 LSA?

Answer 25

used to advertise the ASBR to other areas and provide a route to the ASBR. *regenerated by other ABR’s to pass on the LSA-4 .**identified by the router ID of the ASBR. –the ASBR sends out a LSA-type 1 with a character ‘e’ that then the ABR receives and produces a LSA type 4 that is sent out to all the other ABR’s and they regenerate this LSA type 4.

Question 26

type 5 LSA?

Answer 26

the ASBR advertise external non-ospf network addresses to all the routers in the ospf network. (ABR’s in the network regenerate the LSA type 5 and sends them to other routers in the network) The link-state id is the external network number.

Question 27

what type of LSA is: autonomous system external LSA entries?

Answer 27

type 5

Question 28

what is a multiaccess network>?

Answer 28

multiaccess as any network segment on which a DR needs to be elected

Question 29

what is a (NBMA)?

Answer 29

non-broadcast multiple access network (NBMA) is a computer network to which multiple hosts are attached, but data is transmitted only directly from one computer to another single host over a virtual circui