Chapter 1 & Review from summer class Chapter 8 OSPF.

Question 1

when looking at a diagram of a network and you see a solid black line what doe it mean?

Answer 1

uses Ethernet technology for connection, could be fiber optic or could be copper.

Question 2

OSPF?

Answer 2

Open Shortest Path First

Question 3

Classless routing protocol?

Answer 3

DOES send the subnet mask with each update. {OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS}

Question 4

Class-full routing protocol?

Answer 4

does NOT send subnet mask info. {IGRP, etc.}

Question 5

what are the 3 databases that OSPF creates?

Answer 5

1- Adjacency database: neighbor table
2- link-state database: topology table
3- forwarding database : routing table
*list of neighboring routers and kept in RAM.

Question 6

Area 0 in an OSPF network? what is this also called?

Answer 6

also called the Backbone area. single area OSPF. the area is a group of routers that hold the same link state info.

Question 7

single area OSPF?

Answer 7

all routers are in one area called the back bone area (area 0)

Question 8

multi-area OSPF?

Answer 8

2 layer hierarchy where each layer connects to the back bone area (area 0). useful in large networks. interconnecting routers are called the area border routers.

Question 9

what is the benefit of using multi-area OSPF over single area OSPF in a large network?

Answer 9

multi-area OSPF allows each ‘area’ to update their routing tables as changes are made within that particular areas topology. so if a router is added then only that area must use the cpu intensive algorith to map the change and once this change is mapped then the border router will push his new change out to all other routers through the area 0 connection. this reduces the cpu usage across the entire network.

Question 10

what is OSPF?

Answer 10

basically OSPF (open shortest path first) is a setting on a classless router (sends the subnet mask info) that discovers all the connecting routers and communicates with them about what routers are connected to it.

Question 11

PSTN?

Answer 11

Plain Simple Telephone Network (not dial up)

Question 12

WAN?

Answer 12

Wide area Network: connectivity within own network (owned by a company)

Question 13

Internet edge?

Answer 13

where you make connectivity to your internet provider

Question 14

Ether-Channel? what is this and what is the purpose?

Answer 14

2 cables connected from a switch to a router. used as back up if one fails and also doubles bandwidth.
**note can config both at the same time.

Question 15

what does the following command do on a layer 3 switch? #no switchport

Answer 15

command configures the interface on the switch to act like a router by: allowing static routes to be configured. (can’t do dynamic routes)

Question 16

what is the Hierarchical design model?

Answer 16

core, distribution and access layer.

core: high speed backbone layer between networks
distribution: forwards traffic from one local network to another.

Question 17

what is a collapsed core network?

Answer 17

the distribution and core layer are one and the access layer is another.

Question 18

failure domain?

Answer 18

the area of a network that is impacted if a network device fails.

Question 19

STP?

Answer 19

Spanning Tree Protocol: turns off redundant (back-up) paths and only uses this path if the path is needed or if another one fails.

Question 20

What is EtherChannel?

Answer 20

a second Ethernet connection between devices used for redundancy but also increases bandwidth.

Question 21

what is (EIGRP) ?

Answer 21

enhanced interior gateway routing protocol: routing protocol made by cisco to offer advanced features. (distance vector behaviors).

Question 22

port density?

Answer 22

number of ports per switch

Question 23

forwarding rates.. what is his?

Answer 23

processing capabilities of a switch. how much data the switch can process per second

Question 24

wire-speed?

Answer 24

Wire speed is the data rate that each Ethernet port on the switch is capable of attaining. Data rates can be 100 Mb/s, 1 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s, or 100 Gb/s.

Question 25

ASICs

Answer 25

application-specific integrated circuits : streamline the forwarding of IP packets independent of the CPU

Question 26

what is in-band (when talking about device management?)

Answer 26

accessing a device using a network connection to make changes. use telnet (not recommended), SSH or HTML

Question 27

what is (out-of-band) when talking about managing a device.?

Answer 27

using the auxiliary port or console port along with emulation software to make configurations. used when there is no network connection or when 1st setting up the device.

Question 28

classless?

Answer 28

routing protocol sends the subnet mask with its updates.

Question 29

single are ospf?

Answer 29

all routers are connected within the same area/ heiarchy.

Question 30

multi area ospf

Answer 30

several ospf areas seporated and connected via a single area. reduces cpu usage on each device. and isolates usuage.

Question 31

classful routing protocols

Answer 31

do not send subnet mask info.

Question 32

describe Campus LAN Switches

Answer 32

These switch platforms vary from fanless switches with eight fixed ports to 13-blade switches supporting hundreds of ports. Campus LAN switch platforms include the Cisco 2960, 3560, 3750, 3850, 4500, 6500, and 6800 Series.

Question 33

describe Cloud-Managed Switches

Answer 33

virtual stacking of switches. They monitor and configure thousands of switch ports over the web, without the intervention of onsite IT staff.

Question 34

describe Data Center Switches

Answer 34

promote infrastructure scalability, operational continuity, and transport flexibility

Question 35

describe Service Provider Switches

Answer 35

two categories: aggregation switches and Ethernet access switches. Aggregation switches are carrier-grade Ethernet switches that aggregate traffic at the edge of a network. Service provider Ethernet access switches feature application intelligence, unified services, virtualization, integrated security, and simplified management.

Question 36

describe Virtual Networking

Answer 36

provide secure multi-tenant services by adding virtualization intelligence technology to the data center network