Chapter 6

Question 1

The process of changing from a solid to a liquid is

Answer 1

melting

Question 2

The process of changing from a solid to a gas is

Answer 2

sublimation

Question 3

The process of changing from a gas to a liquid is

Answer 3

condensation

Question 4

The process of changing from a gas to a solid is

Answer 4

deposition

Question 5

When atoms lose or gain electrons they are called

Answer 5

ions

Question 6

The resistance to the flow of a substance is

Answer 6

viscosity

Question 7

The normal direction of heat flow is from

Answer 7

warm to cool

Question 8

a pH of less than 7.0 means the substance is a(n)

Answer 8

acid

Question 9

a pH of more than 7.0 means the substance is a(n)

Answer 9

base

Question 10

The pH of a substance is controlled by the concentration of which kind of atom?

Answer 10

hydrogen

Question 11

The presence of opposite charges at different points in a molecule is

Answer 11

polarity

Question 12

The elastic property that allows drops to form and create the smallest surface area is

Answer 12

surface tension

Question 13

Three things connected to polarity are:

Answer 13

hydrogen bonds, surface tension, solubility

Question 14

Which state of matter that occurs naturally on or near the earth has the most energy?

Answer 14

plasma

Question 15

List three examples of plasma

Answer 15

stars, nebulas, solar winds, aurora borealis, aurora australis, lightning, fire, welding arcs

Question 16

What percent of the universe is composed of plasma?

Answer 16

99%

Question 17

Name two things that Daniel Fahrenheit was responsible for creating

Answer 17

He created a thermometer with mercury inside it and the Fahrenheit scale

Question 18

Which scale is based on the Celsius scale and how is it unique?

Answer 18

The Kelvin scale is unique because it is an absolute scale. It starts at absolute zero and has no negative numbers. It does not use degrees.

Question 19

What do hydrogen bonds do in a substance like water?

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonds pull multiple molecules together because of the slight attraction created by the polarity of the molecule.

Question 20

Water is called the universal solvent because……

Answer 20

it is so good at dissolving so many substances

Question 21

What are two types of engines studied in this chapter?

Answer 21

internal combustion engine and external combustion engine

Question 22

How do the two types of engines studied in this chapter differ?

Answer 22

In internal combustion engines, combustion takes place in the cylinder. External combustion engines have a combustion outside the cylinder.

Question 23

List two examples of strong acids

Answer 23

citrus, gastric acid, battery acid

Question 24

List two examples of weak acids

Answer 24

milk, soda water, banana

Question 25

Draw a heating curve for a substance that freezes at -20 degrees Celsius and boils at 50 degrees Celsius. Show the changes in temperature and time.

Answer 25

Look at BLM 6.3A (Heating Curve of Water) as a gauge for how to draw the heating curve, but remember that the freezing/boiling point of water is 0/100, you need to show a freezing/boiling point of -20/50