Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

The process of changing from a solid to a liquid is

A

melting

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2
Q

The process of changing from a solid to a gas is

A

sublimation

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3
Q

The process of changing from a gas to a liquid is

A

condensation

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4
Q

The process of changing from a gas to a solid is

A

deposition

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5
Q

When atoms lose or gain electrons they are called

A

ions

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6
Q

The resistance to the flow of a substance is

A

viscosity

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7
Q

The normal direction of heat flow is from

A

warm to cool

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8
Q

a pH of less than 7.0 means the substance is a(n)

A

acid

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9
Q

a pH of more than 7.0 means the substance is a(n)

A

base

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10
Q

The pH of a substance is controlled by the concentration of which kind of atom?

A

hydrogen

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11
Q

The presence of opposite charges at different points in a molecule is

A

polarity

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12
Q

The elastic property that allows drops to form and create the smallest surface area is

A

surface tension

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13
Q

Three things connected to polarity are:

A

hydrogen bonds, surface tension, solubility

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14
Q

Which state of matter that occurs naturally on or near the earth has the most energy?

A

plasma

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15
Q

List three examples of plasma

A

stars, nebulas, solar winds, aurora borealis, aurora australis, lightning, fire, welding arcs

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16
Q

What percent of the universe is composed of plasma?

A

99%

17
Q

Name two things that Daniel Fahrenheit was responsible for creating

A

He created a thermometer with mercury inside it and the Fahrenheit scale

18
Q

Which scale is based on the Celsius scale and how is it unique?

A

The Kelvin scale is unique because it is an absolute scale. It starts at absolute zero and has no negative numbers. It does not use degrees.

19
Q

What do hydrogen bonds do in a substance like water?

A

Hydrogen bonds pull multiple molecules together because of the slight attraction created by the polarity of the molecule.

20
Q

Water is called the universal solvent because……

A

it is so good at dissolving so many substances

21
Q

What are two types of engines studied in this chapter?

A

internal combustion engine and external combustion engine

22
Q

How do the two types of engines studied in this chapter differ?

A

In internal combustion engines, combustion takes place in the cylinder. External combustion engines have a combustion outside the cylinder.

23
Q

List two examples of strong acids

A

citrus, gastric acid, battery acid

24
Q

List two examples of weak acids

A

milk, soda water, banana

25
Q

Draw a heating curve for a substance that freezes at -20 degrees Celsius and boils at 50 degrees Celsius. Show the changes in temperature and time.

A

Look at BLM 6.3A (Heating Curve of Water) as a gauge for how to draw the heating curve, but remember that the freezing/boiling point of water is 0/100, you need to show a freezing/boiling point of -20/50