Chapter 6 Flashcards
The process of changing from a solid to a liquid is
melting
The process of changing from a solid to a gas is
sublimation
The process of changing from a gas to a liquid is
condensation
The process of changing from a gas to a solid is
deposition
When atoms lose or gain electrons they are called
ions
The resistance to the flow of a substance is
viscosity
The normal direction of heat flow is from
warm to cool
a pH of less than 7.0 means the substance is a(n)
acid
a pH of more than 7.0 means the substance is a(n)
base
The pH of a substance is controlled by the concentration of which kind of atom?
hydrogen
The presence of opposite charges at different points in a molecule is
polarity
The elastic property that allows drops to form and create the smallest surface area is
surface tension
Three things connected to polarity are:
hydrogen bonds, surface tension, solubility
Which state of matter that occurs naturally on or near the earth has the most energy?
plasma
List three examples of plasma
stars, nebulas, solar winds, aurora borealis, aurora australis, lightning, fire, welding arcs
What percent of the universe is composed of plasma?
99%
Name two things that Daniel Fahrenheit was responsible for creating
He created a thermometer with mercury inside it and the Fahrenheit scale
Which scale is based on the Celsius scale and how is it unique?
The Kelvin scale is unique because it is an absolute scale. It starts at absolute zero and has no negative numbers. It does not use degrees.
What do hydrogen bonds do in a substance like water?
Hydrogen bonds pull multiple molecules together because of the slight attraction created by the polarity of the molecule.
Water is called the universal solvent because……
it is so good at dissolving so many substances
What are two types of engines studied in this chapter?
internal combustion engine and external combustion engine
How do the two types of engines studied in this chapter differ?
In internal combustion engines, combustion takes place in the cylinder. External combustion engines have a combustion outside the cylinder.
List two examples of strong acids
citrus, gastric acid, battery acid
List two examples of weak acids
milk, soda water, banana
Draw a heating curve for a substance that freezes at -20 degrees Celsius and boils at 50 degrees Celsius. Show the changes in temperature and time.
Look at BLM 6.3A (Heating Curve of Water) as a gauge for how to draw the heating curve, but remember that the freezing/boiling point of water is 0/100, you need to show a freezing/boiling point of -20/50
