Chapter 3

Question 1

An organism uses energy to move a molecule from low to high concentration by ___________

Answer 1

active transport

Question 2

Oxygen moves through the membrane from high to low concentration

Answer 2

passive transport

Question 3

An ion moves through the cell membrane, using the channel of an embedded protein.

Answer 3

facilitated diffusion

Question 4

This organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell

Answer 4

mitochondrion

Question 5

The ___________ controls what comes into and out of the cell

Answer 5

cell membrane

Question 6

Proteins are made here

Answer 6

ribosome

Question 7

Cells formed for sexual reproduction are called ______

Answer 7

gametes

Question 8

One cycle of mitosis produces _________ cells, whereas meiosis produces ____________ cells

Answer 8

two, four

Question 9

The two halves of a duplicated chromosome are called ________

Answer 9

chromatids

Question 10

The type of asexual reproduction in which a projection of a parent organism stays attached to or breaks away from a new organism is ______________

Answer 10

budding

Question 11

When bread dough rises, it is because the yeast are performing ______________

Answer 11

fermentation

Question 12

____________ and _____________ are opposite processes involving the same substances.

Answer 12

Cellular respiration, photosynthesis

Question 13

The cell grows and duplicates its DNA

Answer 13

interphase

Question 14

The cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm into two cells

Answer 14

cytokinesis

Question 15

The chromosomes meet down the middle

Answer 15

metaphase

Question 16

DNA forms X-shaped chromosomes and spindle fibers appear

Answer 16

prophase

Question 17

The chromosomes separate at the centromeres

Answer 17

anaphase

Question 18

The nucleus divides into two nuclei

Answer 18

mitosis

Question 19

The chromosomes uncoil; two new nuclear membranes form

Answer 19

telophase

Question 20

List two ways mitosis & meiosis are similar

Answer 20

1. Both are cell division
2. both produce daughter cells
3. both involve phases

Question 21

List two ways mitosis & meiosis are different

Answer 21

mitosis:
1. involves all body cells for growth, development, and repair
2. divides once into four phases
3. produces two identical daughter cells with two complete sets of chromosomes
4. continues for the life of the organism
meiosis:
1. involves only reproductive cells for making a new organism
2. divides twice in eight phases
3. produces four unique daughter cells each with only one set of chromosomes

Question 22

give three types of passive transport

Answer 22

passive transport does not require energy to take place

1. diffusion
2. osmosis
3. facilitated diffusion

Question 23

give two examples of when a cell uses active transport

Answer 23

active transport requires cells to use energy

1. when a cell needs to move molecules from low to high concentration
2. when molecules are too large to pass through the membrane

Question 24

describe binary fission

Answer 24

a unicellular organism splits into two identical cells

Question 25

describe vegetative reproduction

Answer 25

parts grow out of the parent plant and become individual plants

Question 26

draw an illustration to represent diffusion

Answer 26

refer to page 32 in your textbook before and after illustrations

Question 27

explain what happens before diffusion

Answer 27

molecules are in higher concentration outside the cell

Question 28

explain what happens after diffusion

Answer 28

molecules move inside the cell until equilibrium is reached