Chapter 3 Flashcards
An organism uses energy to move a molecule from low to high concentration by ___________
active transport
Oxygen moves through the membrane from high to low concentration
passive transport
An ion moves through the cell membrane, using the channel of an embedded protein.
facilitated diffusion
This organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell
mitochondrion
The ___________ controls what comes into and out of the cell
cell membrane
Proteins are made here
ribosome
Cells formed for sexual reproduction are called ______
gametes
One cycle of mitosis produces _________ cells, whereas meiosis produces ____________ cells
two, four
The two halves of a duplicated chromosome are called ________
chromatids
The type of asexual reproduction in which a projection of a parent organism stays attached to or breaks away from a new organism is ______________
budding
When bread dough rises, it is because the yeast are performing ______________
fermentation
____________ and _____________ are opposite processes involving the same substances.
Cellular respiration, photosynthesis
The cell grows and duplicates its DNA
interphase
The cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm into two cells
cytokinesis
The chromosomes meet down the middle
metaphase
DNA forms X-shaped chromosomes and spindle fibers appear
prophase
The chromosomes separate at the centromeres
anaphase
The nucleus divides into two nuclei
mitosis
The chromosomes uncoil; two new nuclear membranes form
telophase
List two ways mitosis & meiosis are similar
- Both are cell division
- both produce daughter cells
- both involve phases
List two ways mitosis & meiosis are different
mitosis:
1. involves all body cells for growth, development, and repair
2. divides once into four phases
3. produces two identical daughter cells with two complete sets of chromosomes
4. continues for the life of the organism
meiosis:
1. involves only reproductive cells for making a new organism
2. divides twice in eight phases
3. produces four unique daughter cells each with only one set of chromosomes
give three types of passive transport
passive transport does not require energy to take place
- diffusion
- osmosis
- facilitated diffusion
give two examples of when a cell uses active transport
active transport requires cells to use energy
- when a cell needs to move molecules from low to high concentration
- when molecules are too large to pass through the membrane
describe binary fission
a unicellular organism splits into two identical cells
describe vegetative reproduction
parts grow out of the parent plant and become individual plants
draw an illustration to represent diffusion
refer to page 32 in your textbook before and after illustrations
explain what happens before diffusion
molecules are in higher concentration outside the cell
explain what happens after diffusion
molecules move inside the cell until equilibrium is reached
