Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

An organism uses energy to move a molecule from low to high concentration by ___________

A

active transport

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2
Q

Oxygen moves through the membrane from high to low concentration

A

passive transport

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3
Q

An ion moves through the cell membrane, using the channel of an embedded protein.

A

facilitated diffusion

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4
Q

This organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondrion

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5
Q

The ___________ controls what comes into and out of the cell

A

cell membrane

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6
Q

Proteins are made here

A

ribosome

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7
Q

Cells formed for sexual reproduction are called ______

A

gametes

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8
Q

One cycle of mitosis produces _________ cells, whereas meiosis produces ____________ cells

A

two, four

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9
Q

The two halves of a duplicated chromosome are called ________

A

chromatids

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10
Q

The type of asexual reproduction in which a projection of a parent organism stays attached to or breaks away from a new organism is ______________

A

budding

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11
Q

When bread dough rises, it is because the yeast are performing ______________

A

fermentation

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12
Q

____________ and _____________ are opposite processes involving the same substances.

A

Cellular respiration, photosynthesis

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13
Q

The cell grows and duplicates its DNA

A

interphase

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14
Q

The cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm into two cells

A

cytokinesis

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15
Q

The chromosomes meet down the middle

A

metaphase

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16
Q

DNA forms X-shaped chromosomes and spindle fibers appear

A

prophase

17
Q

The chromosomes separate at the centromeres

A

anaphase

18
Q

The nucleus divides into two nuclei

A

mitosis

19
Q

The chromosomes uncoil; two new nuclear membranes form

A

telophase

20
Q

List two ways mitosis & meiosis are similar

A
  1. Both are cell division
  2. both produce daughter cells
  3. both involve phases
21
Q

List two ways mitosis & meiosis are different

A

mitosis:
1. involves all body cells for growth, development, and repair
2. divides once into four phases
3. produces two identical daughter cells with two complete sets of chromosomes
4. continues for the life of the organism
meiosis:
1. involves only reproductive cells for making a new organism
2. divides twice in eight phases
3. produces four unique daughter cells each with only one set of chromosomes

22
Q

give three types of passive transport

A

passive transport does not require energy to take place

  1. diffusion
  2. osmosis
  3. facilitated diffusion
23
Q

give two examples of when a cell uses active transport

A

active transport requires cells to use energy

  1. when a cell needs to move molecules from low to high concentration
  2. when molecules are too large to pass through the membrane
24
Q

describe binary fission

A

a unicellular organism splits into two identical cells

25
Q

describe vegetative reproduction

A

parts grow out of the parent plant and become individual plants

26
Q

draw an illustration to represent diffusion

A

refer to page 32 in your textbook before and after illustrations

27
Q

explain what happens before diffusion

A

molecules are in higher concentration outside the cell

28
Q

explain what happens after diffusion

A

molecules move inside the cell until equilibrium is reached