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6th grade science > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

This structure connects the throat with the stomach

A

esophagus

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2
Q

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs here

A

alveoli

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3
Q

This structure filters blood and makes urine

A

kidney

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4
Q

Muscles either relax or __________

A

contract

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5
Q

On its way to the cells, blood leaves the arteries and travels through these tiny vessels

A

capillaries

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6
Q

Most nutrient absorption takes place here

A

small intestine

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7
Q

This is the mixture in the stomach made during the digestive process

A

chyme

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8
Q

Feces are formed here

A

large intestine

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9
Q

These involuntary muscles line internal organs

A

smooth muscles

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10
Q

As surface area increases, the rate of absorption _______

A

increases

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11
Q

The vertebral column protects this structure

A

spinal cord

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12
Q

This type of muscle is only found in the heart

A

cardiac

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13
Q

The basic unit of the nervous system is the ________

A

neuron

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14
Q

This type of muscle makes up the biceps and tires easily

A

skeletal

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15
Q

This tissue attaches muscle to bone

A

tendon

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16
Q

The nerves are part of the _____________ nervous system

A

peripheral

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17
Q

This protects bones from grinding together

A

cartilage

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18
Q

contents of the stomach pass through the ________ before entering the small intestine.

A

pyloric sphincter

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19
Q

This part of the brain is responsible for controlling respiration

A

medulla oblongata

20
Q

Visual stimuli get to the brain by this

A

optic nerve

21
Q

triceps belong to which body system?

A

musculoskeletal

22
Q

cartilage belongs to which body system?

A

musculoskeletal

23
Q

dendrite belongs to which body system?

A

nervou

24
Q

the diaphragm belongs to which body system?

A

respiratory and musculoskeletal

25
Q

vertebrae belong to which body system?

A

musculoskeletal

26
Q

arteries belong to which body system?

A

cardiovascular

27
Q

cranium belongs to which body system?

A

musculoskeletal

28
Q

tendon belongs to which body system?

A

musculoskeletal

29
Q

kidney belongs to which body system?

A

urinary

30
Q

axon belongs to which body system?

A

nervous

31
Q

villi belong to which body system?

A

digestive

32
Q

neuron belongs to which body system?

A

nervous

33
Q

pyloric sphincter belongs to which body system?

A

digestive

34
Q

alveoli belongs to which body system?

A

respiratory

35
Q

sternum belongs to which body system?

A

musculoskeletal

36
Q

ureters belong to which body system?

A

urinary

37
Q

Explain why the small intestine is so effective in absorbing nutrients

A

The small intestine lining has finger-like projections called villi and microvilli. These increase the surface area of the lining and therefore increase the absorption rate of nutrients.

38
Q

What is peristalsis and how is it important?

A

Peristalsis is the involuntary muscular contraction that moves food through the alimentary canal. If peristalsis did not occur, food would probably stay lodged in the throat and never get to the stomach or passed to the small intestine.

39
Q

How are body systems interdependent? Use at least three specific systems in your answer.

A

The nervous system controls all body responses, including the contraction of muscles found in the circulatory system, such as the heart, and in the digestive system, such as the stomach. The heart pumps blood, which carries oxygen from the lungs in the respiratory system. Nutrients from food are broken down in the digestive system and carried by the circulatory system to the body cells.

40
Q

Label and name the structures of a neuron

  1. dendrites
  2. cell body
  3. axon
A

use picture on page 162

41
Q

Label and name the structures of the ear

  1. anvil
  2. hammer
  3. ear canal
  4. ear drum
  5. semicircular canals
  6. auditory nerve
  7. cochlea
  8. stirrup
A

use picture on page 165

42
Q

Label and name the structures of the eye

  1. cornea
  2. pupil
  3. iris
  4. retina
  5. optic nerve
  6. lens
A

use picture on page 164

43
Q

Explain how light enters the eye and is sent to the brain. Use all the labeled structures in your answer.

A

Light travels through the cornea and into the pupil. The iris controls how much light enters through the pupil. The lens focuses the light, which then strikes the retina. Impulses are sent from the retina by the optic nerve to the brain.

44
Q

List the three types of neurons.

A
  1. sensory
  2. motor
  3. interneuron
45
Q

Describe how sound enters the ear and travels to the brain. Use all the structures identified in your answer.

A

sound waves enter the outer ear and travel through the ear canal, striking the eardrum. The vibrations from the eardrum are sent to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup in the middle ear. The stirrup passes the vibrations to the cochlea in the inner ear, where impulses are sent by the auditory nerve to the brain.

6th grade science (7 decks)

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