Chapter 13 Flashcards
This structure connects the throat with the stomach
esophagus
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs here
alveoli
This structure filters blood and makes urine
kidney
Muscles either relax or __________
contract
On its way to the cells, blood leaves the arteries and travels through these tiny vessels
capillaries
Most nutrient absorption takes place here
small intestine
This is the mixture in the stomach made during the digestive process
chyme
Feces are formed here
large intestine
These involuntary muscles line internal organs
smooth muscles
As surface area increases, the rate of absorption _______
increases
The vertebral column protects this structure
spinal cord
This type of muscle is only found in the heart
cardiac
The basic unit of the nervous system is the ________
neuron
This type of muscle makes up the biceps and tires easily
skeletal
This tissue attaches muscle to bone
tendon
The nerves are part of the _____________ nervous system
peripheral
This protects bones from grinding together
cartilage
contents of the stomach pass through the ________ before entering the small intestine.
pyloric sphincter
This part of the brain is responsible for controlling respiration
medulla oblongata
Visual stimuli get to the brain by this
optic nerve
triceps belong to which body system?
musculoskeletal
cartilage belongs to which body system?
musculoskeletal
dendrite belongs to which body system?
nervou
the diaphragm belongs to which body system?
respiratory and musculoskeletal
vertebrae belong to which body system?
musculoskeletal
arteries belong to which body system?
cardiovascular
cranium belongs to which body system?
musculoskeletal
tendon belongs to which body system?
musculoskeletal
kidney belongs to which body system?
urinary
axon belongs to which body system?
nervous
villi belong to which body system?
digestive
neuron belongs to which body system?
nervous
pyloric sphincter belongs to which body system?
digestive
alveoli belongs to which body system?
respiratory
sternum belongs to which body system?
musculoskeletal
ureters belong to which body system?
urinary
Explain why the small intestine is so effective in absorbing nutrients
The small intestine lining has finger-like projections called villi and microvilli. These increase the surface area of the lining and therefore increase the absorption rate of nutrients.
What is peristalsis and how is it important?
Peristalsis is the involuntary muscular contraction that moves food through the alimentary canal. If peristalsis did not occur, food would probably stay lodged in the throat and never get to the stomach or passed to the small intestine.
How are body systems interdependent? Use at least three specific systems in your answer.
The nervous system controls all body responses, including the contraction of muscles found in the circulatory system, such as the heart, and in the digestive system, such as the stomach. The heart pumps blood, which carries oxygen from the lungs in the respiratory system. Nutrients from food are broken down in the digestive system and carried by the circulatory system to the body cells.
Label and name the structures of a neuron
- dendrites
- cell body
- axon
use picture on page 162
Label and name the structures of the ear
- anvil
- hammer
- ear canal
- ear drum
- semicircular canals
- auditory nerve
- cochlea
- stirrup
use picture on page 165
Label and name the structures of the eye
- cornea
- pupil
- iris
- retina
- optic nerve
- lens
use picture on page 164
Explain how light enters the eye and is sent to the brain. Use all the labeled structures in your answer.
Light travels through the cornea and into the pupil. The iris controls how much light enters through the pupil. The lens focuses the light, which then strikes the retina. Impulses are sent from the retina by the optic nerve to the brain.
List the three types of neurons.
- sensory
- motor
- interneuron
Describe how sound enters the ear and travels to the brain. Use all the structures identified in your answer.
sound waves enter the outer ear and travel through the ear canal, striking the eardrum. The vibrations from the eardrum are sent to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup in the middle ear. The stirrup passes the vibrations to the cochlea in the inner ear, where impulses are sent by the auditory nerve to the brain.
