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Chemistry 🔬 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many elements were known by 1870

A

70

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2
Q

What year did chemist agree on how to determine the atomic mass

A

1860

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3
Q

John Newlands (1837-1898)

A
  • proposed an organizational scheme for the element
  • law of Octaves
  • the law did not work for all the known elements
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4
Q

Luther Meyer (1830-1895) Dmitri Medellev (1834-1907)

A
  • Demonstrated a connection between atomic mass and element properties
  • Mendeleev came up with the periods table
  • the table was not completely correct
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5
Q

Antione Lavoisier (1743-1794)

A
  • Completed a list of all the elements

- Contained 33 elements

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6
Q

Henry Moseley (1887-1915)

A
  • Arranged the elements by atomic number

- period law

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7
Q

Period Law

A

A periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number

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8
Q

Groups

A

Columns

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9
Q

Periods

A
  • rows/families

- 7 periods

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10
Q

Representative elements

A

Referred as the main groups 1,2,13,18

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11
Q

Transition elements

A

groups 3-12

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12
Q

Metals

A
  • shiny when smooth and clean
  • solid at room temp.
  • conductors of heat and electricity
  • malleable and ductile
  • most representative elements and all transition
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13
Q

Alkali metals

A

-Reactive and usually exist as compounds within other elements -group one except hydrogen

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14
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A
  • highly reactive

- group 2

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15
Q

Inner transition metals

A

Type of group B

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16
Q

Lanthanide series

A

Elements from period 6 that follow lanthanum

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17
Q

Actinide series

A

-Elements from period 7 that follow actinium

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18
Q

Lanthanide

A
  • Extensively as as phosphors

- emit light when struck by electrons

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19
Q

Non-elements

A
  • generally gases or brittle, dull looking solids
  • poor conductors
  • liquid a room temp
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20
Q

Halogens

A
  • group 17
  • highly reactive
  • part of compounds
21
Q

Noble gasses

A
  • Unreactive group 18

- used in lasers, variety of light bulbs, neon signs

22
Q

Metal loads

A

Have physical and chemical properties of both metals and non metals

23
Q

What does s block consists of

A

Groups 1-2 and helium

24
Q

What does the p block consist of?

A

13-18

25
Q

What does d block contain

A

Transition metals 3-12

26
Q

F block consists of

A

Inner transition metals ( off the chart)

27
Q

Atomic radii

A
  • Increases as you go down a group
  • the storm because larger
  • Decreases as you go right
28
Q

Ion

A

An atom or bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge

29
Q

What happens when an atom loses an electron

A

It has a positive charge and is smaller

30
Q

What happens to the ionic size as you moved down groups

A

Increase

31
Q

Ionization energy

A
  • The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom
  • indicates how strongly an atoms nucleus holds onto its valence electrons
32
Q

Octet rule

A

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share of electrons in order to acquire a full set of 8 valence electrons

33
Q

Electronegativity

A
  • Indicates the relative ability if it’s atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond
  • expressed in terms of numerical value of 3.98 or less
  • units are called Paulings
34
Q

Linus Pauling (1901-1994)

A

Came up with electronegativity unit name

35
Q

Elements

A
  • pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes
  • building blocks of matter
  • more than 112 know elements
36
Q

Physical properties

A

Characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance

37
Q

Groups of elements

A
  • similar physical and chemical properties
38
Q

Representative groups

A

Group one- alkali metals
Group 2- alkaline earth metals
Group 7- halogens
Group 8- noble gases

39
Q

Characteristic of electrons

A
  • moving at extremely high speeds in a sphere

- have specific energy levels

40
Q

Quantum mechanics

A

Describes the arrangement and space occupied by electrons by electrons in atoms

41
Q

Atomic radius decrease as

A

You go left to right

42
Q

Atomic radius increase as you

A

Go down a group

43
Q

Electronegativity increase as

A

You go left to right

44
Q

Electronegativity decreases as you

A

Go down a group

45
Q

Ionization energy increase as

A

You go left to right

46
Q

Ionization energy decreases as

A

Go down a group

47
Q

Reactivity increases

A

As you go left to right

48
Q

Reactivity decrease

A

As you go down a group

Chemistry 🔬 (7 decks)

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