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Chemistry 🔬 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Democritus ( 460 BCE - 370 BCE)

A

Theory: atoms were enteral and could not be destroyed

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2
Q

Who rejected Democritus theory

A

Aristotle and Plato

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3
Q

Whose theory did Aristotle accept

A

Empedocles

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4
Q

What did Aristotle add to Empedocles theory

A

The four core elements could be transformed into one another

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5
Q

Evangelista Torricelli ( 1643)

A

Showed are had weight

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6
Q

Daniel Bernoulli

A

Theory: air and other gasses consist of tiny particles that are to small to be seen and are loosely packed in an empty volume of space

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7
Q

Joseph Priestly (1773)

A

Theory: substances could combine together or break apart to form new substances with different properties

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8
Q

Antoine Lavoisier (1778)

A

Theory: conservation of mass

Names oxygen and hydrogen

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9
Q

John Dalton (1803)

A

Theory: all matter is composed of atoms
All atoms of a given element are identical; atoms of different elements have different properties
Chemical reactions involve the combination of atoms
When elements react to form compounds,mother react in defined whole number ratios

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10
Q

Robert Boyle (1660)

A

Definition of an element

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11
Q

Joseph Provst ( late 1700’s)

A

Law of definite proportions

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12
Q

J.J Thomson (1897)

A
  • made a cathode ray tube
  • found the electron
  • said atom was like plum pudding
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13
Q

Ernest Rutherford (1910)

A
  • used radioactivity
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14
Q

Alpha particles

A

Positively charged pieces given off by uranium

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15
Q

Is an atom full or empty

A

Mostly empty

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16
Q

Protons

A

In the nucleus

Postive charge

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17
Q

Neutrons

A

In the nucleus neutral

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18
Q

Electrons

A

Negative outside the nucleus

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19
Q

Radiation

A

Comes from the nucleus

20
Q

Gamma y radiation

A

Pure radiation

21
Q

radiation protection

A

Shielding paper clothing lab coat gloves lead thick concrete
Limit exposure
Keep distance

22
Q

Atomic theory

A

Building blocks of elements
Similar aroma in each element
Different from atoms of other elements
Two or more different atoms bind in simple ratios to form compounds

23
Q

Atomic number

A

Counts the number of protons in an atom

24
Q

What charge is a atom

A

Neutral

25
Q

Mass number

A

Counts the number of protons spans neutrons in an atom

26
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

27
Q

Atomic mass

A

The weighted average mass of all atomic masses of the isotopes of that atom

28
Q

Rad

A

0.01 joule radiant energy/ kilogram of tissue

29
Q

What is the ability to cause harm given in,

A

Rem

30
Q

Rem

A

Rad * factor

31
Q

100 rem equal how many milli rem

A

1000

32
Q

What is the annual exposure per person in the United state

A

360 mrem

33
Q

Strong nuclear force

A

An attractive force that acts between all nucleus

34
Q

Proton to neutron ratios

A

Optimum 1 to 1

Limit 1 to 1.4

35
Q

Transmutation

A

The changing of one element to another

36
Q

Radioactive half life

A

The time it takes for one half of a radioactive sample to decay

37
Q

Force

A

An interaction between two objects that pushes or pulls on them

38
Q

Electromagnetic force

A

Force of interactions between a proton and electron

39
Q

Radiation

A

Rays and particles emitted

40
Q

Nuclear reaction

A

A chance in an atoms nucleus

41
Q

Radioactivity decay

A

Unstable nuclei lose energy

42
Q

Alpha radiation

A

Defected toward the negative

43
Q

Alpha particle

A

Two protons two neutrons

44
Q

Beta particle

A

An electron with -1 charge

45
Q

Beta radiation

A

Deflected toward the positive

46
Q

Gamma Ray

A

High energy radiation

47
Q

Empedocles ( 492 BCE - 432 BCE)

A
  • Proposed the first theory

- all matter was composed of four elements: fire air water and earth

Chemistry 🔬 (7 decks)

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