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Chemistry 🔬 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

STP

A

Standard temperature and Pressure

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2
Q

Solid

A

Has its own definite shape and volume

Incompressible

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3
Q

What happens to particles when in a solid

A

Tightly packed

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4
Q

What happens to a solid when heated

A

Expands slightly

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5
Q

Substance

A

Matter with an uniform and unchanging composition

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6
Q

Pure substance

A

Consisting of one type of material

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7
Q

Liquid

A

A form of matter that flows has constant volume and takes the shape of its container

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8
Q

What do liquid particles do

A

Move past each other

Incompressible

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9
Q

States of matter

A

Solid liquid gas plasma

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10
Q

What happens to liquids when heated

A

Expands

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11
Q

Gas

A

A form of matter that not only flows to conform to the shape of its container but also fills the entire volume of the container

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12
Q

What are the particles like in a gas

A

Far apart

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13
Q

Are gases compressed or incompressible

A

Compressed easily

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14
Q

Gas refers to what

A

A substance that is naturally in the gaseous stare at room temperature

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15
Q

Vapor

A

Refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temp

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16
Q

Physical property

A

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition

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17
Q

What do physical properties do

A

Describe a pure substance

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18
Q

Extensive properties

A

Dependent on the amount of a substance present

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19
Q

Intensive properties

A

Independent of the amount of substance present

20
Q

Chemical property

A

Ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances

21
Q

Physical change

A

A change which alters a substance without changing its composition

22
Q

Phase change

A

A transition of matter from one state to another

23
Q

Chemical change

A

One or more substances changing into new substances

24
Q

Reactants

A

Stating substances

25
Q

Products

A

New substance formed

26
Q

What does a chemical reaction always do

A

Produces a change in properties

27
Q

Law of conversation of mass

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction it is conserved
Mass reactants = mass products

28
Q

Mixture

A

A combination of tow or more substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties

29
Q

What is the composition of mixtures

A

Variable

30
Q

How many number of mixtures can be created

A

Infinite

31
Q

Heterogenous mixture

A

A mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct

32
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

A mixture that has constant composition throughout. Always have a single phase

33
Q

Alloy

A

A homogeneous mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and a nonmetal in which the metal substance is the main component

34
Q

What increases the hardness of a metal

A

Carbon

35
Q

Filtration

A

A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid

36
Q

Distillation

A

A technique that is based on differences in the boiling points involved

37
Q

Crystallization

A

A separation technique that results in the formation of our soild particles or a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance

38
Q

Sublimation

A

Soild changes to vapor without melting

39
Q

Chromatography

A

Separates the components or a mixture based on the ability of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material

40
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that Cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

41
Q

How many elements occur naturally

A

92

42
Q

Period table

A

Organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called periods and verity cal columns called groups or families

43
Q

Compound

A

Made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically

44
Q

Law of definite proportions

A

A compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass no matter how large or small

45
Q

Percent by mass

A

The ration or the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentages

46
Q

Percent by mass equation

A

% = mass of element/ mass of compound * 100

47
Q

Law or multiple proportions

A

That when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements different masses of one element combine with robe same relative mass or the other element in a ratio or a small whole number

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