Chapter 6

Question 1

The sweeping change in the scientific view of the universe that occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries. The new scientific concepts and the method of their construction became the standard for assessing the validity of knowledge in the West

Answer 1

scientific revolution

Question 2

Who was a Polish priest/astronomer who was educated at the University of Krakow in Poland and Later in Italy? Wrote “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres”

Answer 2

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 3

The pre-Copernican explanation of the universe, with the earth at the center of the universe, originated in the ancient world.

Answer 3

Ptolemaic systems

Question 4

The earth being the center of the Universe

Answer 4

geocentrism

Question 5

The earth moves around the sun in a cricle

Answer 5

heliocentrism

Question 6

Danish Astronomer who believed Mercury and Venus circled the sun, and the moon, sun and other planets circled the Earth. Took the next major step towards the heliocentric system

Answer 6

Tycho Brahe

Question 7

German astronomer who took over after Brahe died, and believed in the heliocentric theory

Answer 7

Johannes Kelper

Question 8

Italian mathematician/ natural philosopher who used the newly invented Dutch telescope to discover how complex the heavens were . Discoveries went against Church

Answer 8

Galileo Galilei

Question 9

Englishman who wrote “The Mathematical Principles” and believed that the planets and all objects in the universe moved through mutual attraction (Gravity)

Answer 9

Isaac Newton

Question 10

The use of experiment and observation derived from sensory evidence to construct scientific theory or philosophy of knowledge.

Answer 10

empiricism

Question 11

A Christian thinker who rejected the view that human beings are naturally sociable, and are self centered who lack a master

Answer 11

Thomas Aquinas

Question 12

Believed the danger of mutiny was more than the danger of tyranny, saying that rulers should be absolute and unlimited in power

Answer 12

Thomas Hobbes

Question 13

His political writings became a major source of criticism of absolution, wrote “First and “Second Treatise of Government”. Portrayed human nature as one of perfect freedom and equality in which everyone enjoyed.

Answer 13

John Locke

Question 14

Associate of Locke, a radical in religion and politics

Answer 14

Anthony Ashley Cooper, earl of Shaftesbury

Question 15

Descartes being highly critical of the education he recieved

Answer 15

Discourse on Method

Question 16

Most famous of new science universities

Answer 16

Royal Society of London

Question 17

The 18th c movement led by the Philosophes that held that change and reform were both desirable through the application of reason and science

Answer 17

Enlightenment

Question 18

patron of science, provided academy

Answer 18

Queen Christina of Sweden

Question 19

Wrote “Observations upon Experimental philosophy” and “Grounds of Natural Philosophy”. Only woman allowed into Royal Society of London group

Answer 19

Margaret Cavendish

Question 20

german female astronomer who wrote on astronomy, people thought it was her husband’s

Answer 20

Maria Cunitz

Question 21

constituted a wife and husband astronomical team

Answer 21

Elisabetha and Johannes Hevelius, Winkelmann and Kirch

Question 22

French mathematician/physical scientist, aspired to write a work that would refute both dogmatism and skepticism. Wrote Pensees, allied with Jansenists

Answer 22

Blaise Pascal

Question 23

The religious thought associated with such deducing of religious conclusions form nature became known as

Answer 23

physico-theology

Question 24

harmful magic

Answer 24

maleficium

Question 25

a style of art marked by the heavy and dramatic ornamentation and curved rather than straight lines that flourished between 1550 and 1750. I was esp. associated with the Catholic Counter Reformation

Answer 25

Baroque

Question 26

famous baroque artist who created sharp contrasts between light and darkness.

Answer 26

Michelangelo Caravaggio

Question 27

Dutch painters portrayed all manner of elaborate foodstuffs as well as with this painter who painted scenes of French peasant life

Answer 27

Louis Le Nain

Question 28

Created the most famous example of baroque decoration in St. Peter’s Basilica, directed by pope Urban VIII

Answer 28

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Question 29

sculpture of the Spanish mystic, depicting her in religious ecstasy

Answer 29

St. Teresa of Avila

Question 30

a Roman catholic Flemish artist employed by Charles I who decorated the ceiling of the Banqueting Hall in his palace in London

Answer 30

Peter Paul Rubens