Chapter 6

Question 0

Chloroplast

Answer 0

Organelle specialized for photosynthesis in plants and some protists.

Question 1

Wavelength

Answer 1

Distance between the crests of two successive waves.

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

Metabolic pathway by which most autotrophs capture light energy and use it to make sugars from CO2 and water.

Question 5

Pigment

Answer 5

An organic molecule that can absorb light of certain wavelengths.

Question 6

Photolysis

Answer 6

Process by which light energy breaks down a molecule.

Question 8

Electron Transfer Phosphorylation

Answer 8

Process in which electron flow through electron transfer chains sets up a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation. Also called chemiosmosis.

Question 10

Light-dependent reactions

Answer 10

First stage of photosynthesis; convert light energy to chemical energy of ATP and NADPH.

Question 11

Carbon Fixation

Answer 11

Process by which carbon from an inorganic source such as carbon dioxide gets incorporated into an organic molecule.

Question 12

Light-independent reactions

Answer 12

Second stage of photosynthesis; use ATP and NADPH to assemle sugars from water and CO2.

Question 13

Rubisco

Answer 13

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Carbon-fixing enzyme of the Calvin-Benson cycle.

Question 14

Thylakoid Membrane

Answer 14

A chloroplast’s highly folded inner membrane stystem; forms a continuous compartment in the stroma.

Question 15

Autotroph

Answer 15

Organism that makes its own food using carbon from inorganic molecules such as CO2, and energy from the environment.

Question 16

Calvin-Benson Cycle

Answer 16

Light-independent reactions of phtosynthesis; cyclic carbon-fixing pathway that forms sugars from CO2.

Question 17

Chemoautotroph

Answer 17

Organism that obtains both energy and carbon by breaking down organic compounds.

Question 18

Heterotroph

Answer 18

Organism that obtains energy and carbon from organic compounds assembled by other organisms.

Question 19

Photoautotroph

Answer 19

Photosynthetic autotroph.

Question 20

C3 Plant

Answer 20

Type of plant that uses only the Calvin-Benson cycle to fix carbon.

Question 21

Stroma

Answer 21

Semifluid matrix between the thylakoid membrane and the two outer membranes of a chloroplast.

Question 22

CAM Plant

Answer 22

Type of C4 plant that conserves water by fixing carbon twice, at different times of day.

Question 23

Stomata

Answer 23

Gaps that open on plant surfaces; allow water vapor and gases to diffuse across the epidermis.

Question 24

Photosystem

Answer 24

Cluster of pigments and proteins that converts light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis.

Question 25

Photorespiration

Answer 25

Reaction in which rubisco attaches oxygen instead of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate.

Question 28

C4 Plant

Answer 28

Type of plant that minimizes photorespiration by fixing carbon twice, in two cell types.

Question 35

Chlorophyll a

Answer 35

Main photosynthetic pigment in plants.