Chapter 3

Question 0

Nucleotide

Answer 0

Monomer of nucleic acids; has a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen containing base, and phosphate groups.

Question 1

Phospholipid

Answer 1

A lipid with a phosphate group in its hydrophilic head, and two non polar fatty acid tails; main constituent of eukaryotic cell membranes.

Question 2

Steroid

Answer 2

Type of lipid with four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails.

Question 3

Wax

Answer 3

Water-repellent mixture of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings.

Question 4

Saturated Fatty Acid

Answer 4

Fatty acid that contains no carbon-carbon double bonds.

Question 5

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Answer 5

Fatty acid that has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in its tail.

Question 6

Monosacchariode

Answer 6

Simple sugar; monomer of polysachrides.

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

Polysaccharide; energy reservoir in animal cells.

Question 8

Triglyceride

Answer 8

A fat with fatty acid tails.

Question 9

Polysaccharide

Answer 9

Polymer of many monosaccharides.

Question 10

Fat

Answer 10

Lipid that consists of a glycerol molecule with one, two or three fatty acid tails.

Question 11

Fatty Acid

Answer 11

Organic compound that consists of a chain of carbon atoms with an acidic carboxyl group at one end.

Question 12

RNA

Answer 12

Ribonucleic acid. Some types have roles in protein synthesis.

Question 13

Lipid

Answer 13

Fatty, oily or waxy organic compound.

Question 14

Lipid Bilayer

Answer 14

Double layer of lipids arranged tail-to-tail; structural foundation of all cell membranes.

Question 15

Hydrolysis

Answer 15

Process by which an enzyme breaks a molecule into smaller subunits by attaching a hydroxyl group to one part and a hydrogen atom to the other.

Question 16

Metabolism

Answer 16

All the enzyme-medicated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules.

Question 17

Cellulose

Answer 17

Polysaccharide; major structural material in plants.

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

Deoxyribonucleic acid; carries hereditary information; consists of two nucleotide chains twisted in a double helix.

Question 19

Disaccharide

Answer 19

Polymer of two sugar subunits.

Question 20

Protein

Answer 20

Organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids. (polypeptides)

Question 21

Hydrocarbon

Answer 21

Compound that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Question 22

Organic

Answer 22

Describes a compound that consists primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Question 23

Condensation

Answer 23

Process by which enzymes build large molecules from smaller subunits; water also forms.

Question 24

Amino Acids

Answer 24

Small organic compound that is a subunit of proteins.

Question 25

Enzyme

Answer 25

Compound (usually a protein) that speeds up a reaction without being changed by it.

Question 26

Peptide Bond

Answer 26

A bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. Joins amino acids in proteins.

Question 27

Polypeptide

Answer 27

Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 28

Nucleic Acid

Answer 28

Single-or-double stranded chain of nucleotides joined by sugar-phosphate bonds; for ex, DNA, RNA.

Question 29

ATP

Answer 29

Adenosine triphosphate. Nucleotide that consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.

Question 30

Polymer

Answer 30

Molecule that consists of multiple monomers.

Question 31

Starch

Answer 31

Polysaccharide; energy reservoir in plant cells.

Question 32

Monomers

Answer 32

Molecules that are subunits of polymers.

Question 33

Reaction

Answer 33

Process of molecular change.

Question 34

Carbohydrate

Answer 34

Molecule that consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in 1:2:1 ratio.

Question 35

Functional Group

Answer 35

A group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound; imparts a specific chemical property to the molecule.