Chapter 6 Flashcards
Computer Network
Communication media system that connects computers and other devices (ie printers) so that data and information can be transmitted among them.
Bandwidth
transmission capacity of a network. how much data throughput a data connection can offer
Broadband
Broad Bandwidth. The transmissions capacity of the network
Local Area Network (LAN)
Connects two or more more devices in a limited geographical region (usually within the same building) so that every device on the network can communicate with every other device.
file server/ network server
operating under a LAN. It is a server that typically contains various software and data for the network.
Wide Area Network WAN
extend beyond the confines of LAN—cover large geographic areas, typically connecting multiple LANs. Provided by telephone companies, communication service providers, and the internet.
Routers
Communication processor that routes messages from a LAN to the internet, across several connected LANs, or across a wide area network such as the internet.
Enterprise Networks
used by organizations which have multiple LANs and may have multiple WANs.
Backbone Networks
high-speed central networks to which multiple smaller networks (LANs and WANs) connect.
Analog Signals
continuous waves that transmit information by altering the characteristics of the waves ie amplitude and frequency. Interpreted by people.
Digital Signals
discrete pulses that are either on or off representing a series of bits (0’s and 1’s). Interpreted by computers.
Modem
convert digital signals to analog signals.
Communication Channels
comprised of two types of media: cable and broadcast.
Cable/ Wire linemedia
physical wires/cables to transmit data and information.
Broadcast/ wireless media
Data transmission over airwaves
twisted pair wire
business telephone wiring consisting of strands of copper twisted in pairs. Slow for transmitting data, prone to interference from other electrical sources…
Coaxial Cable
insulated copper wire. Better performance than twisted pair wire but more expensive and somewhat inflexible because it is difficult to work with.
Fiber Optic Cables
contains glass fibers that transmit information via light pulses generated by lasers. Usually used as the backbone of the network. Best performance and security.
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
provides high speed transmission of digital data from homes and business over telephone lines. Includes modems because telephone lines are analog and transmission is digital.
Asynchronized Transfer Mode
networks allow users to access almost unlimited bandwidth on demand. Supports data, voice, and video transmissons all on one communication line.
Synchronous Optical Network
an interface standard designed to carry large volumes of traffic over long distances using fiber optic lines.
T Carrier System
digital transmission system that defines circuits that operate at different rates. Used to transport a single voice call.
Network Protocols
Set of rules and procedures that govern transmission across a network.
Ethernet
is a common LAN protocol.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol)
the protocol of the internet. Three basic functions: 1) establishes connection between computers and manages the movement of packets, 2) sequences the transfer of packets, and 3) acknowledges when the packets have been transmitted.
Internet Protocol (IP)
disassembles, delivers, and reassembles the data during transmission.
Nodes
computer devices connected to the network
Packets
small fixed bundles of data which are broken down before being transmitted.
Packet Switching
Transmission technology that breaks up blocks of data into packets. Each packet carries information that will help it reach is destination. Each packet travels independently, can be routed through different paths until it is reassembled. Reliablr and fault tolerant.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
defines how messages are formulated and how they are interpreted by their recievers.
Distributed Processing
divides processing work among two or more computers.
Client/Server Computing
links two or more computers in an arrangement in which some machines (servers) provide computing services for user PCs (Clients).
Peer-to-peer (P2P) Processing
type of client/server processing where each computer acts as both a client and a server. Each computer can access all files on all other computers. Three basic types: 1) accessing unused CPU power among networked computers, 2) real time person-to-person collaboration, 3) advanced search and file sharing.
Internet
A global WAN. Connects computers, phones, devices. Fiber optic network.
Intranets
A network that uses internet protocols. Enables users to take advantage of familiar applications and work habits.
Extranets
Connects parts of the intranets of different organizations. Enables business partners to communicate securely over the internet using Virtual Private Networks (VPN’s). Has limited accessibility to intranets of participating companies. Widely used in B2B electronic commerce.
Internet Service Providers (ISP’s)
a company that offers internet for a fee. Includes cable and telephone providers.
Network Access Points (NAP’s)
Exchange points for internet traffic. Where computer users connect through to exchange information and use the internet.
Internet Protocol (IP) Address
an assigned address for each individual computer.
Domain Names
consists of multiple parts separated by dots.
Domain Name System
a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.
Internet2
safer, faster improved form of the internet . develops and deploys advanced network applications
World Wide Web
universally accepted starndards for storing, retrieving, formatting and displaying information.
What is the Difference between the world wide web and the internet?
the internet functions as a transport mechanism, the world wide web is an application that uses those transport functions.
Website
a collection of pages (ex home page etc)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
points to the addresses of a specific resource on the web.
Browsers
applications that provide users with access the Web.
Network Applications
Discovery Communication E-Learning and Distance Learning Virtual Universities Telecommuting.
Search Engines
computer program that searches for specific information by key words and then reports the results.
Metasearch Engines
search several engines at once and then integrates the findings to answer users queries.
Portals
web-based, personalized gateway to information and knowledge that provides relevant information from different IT systems and the internet using advanced search and index techniques.
Commercial Public Portals
most popular intended for broad, diverse audience. Offer routine content.
Affinity Portals
single point of entry to an entire community of affiliated interests (hobby group, political, university alumni).
Corporate Portals
single point of access to business information located inside and outside of an organization. customers and employees have self service oppurtunities.
Industry Wide Portals
beyond the scope of single corporate companies and into the range of entire industries.
Mobile Portals
formatted appropriately for mobile devices.
Voice Communication
Internet telephony/ Voice over Internet Protocol= phone call over internet.
Unified Communication
integrates all aspects of communication (voice, voicemail, fax, chat, email, instant messaging, etc) on a common hardware and software platform.
Collaboration
efforts by two or more entities
Workflow
movement of info as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organizations work procedure.
Crowdsourcing
outsourcing a task to an undefined generally large group of people in the form of an open call.
Electronic TELECONFERENCING
use of electronic telecommunication that enables two or more people to hold a simultaneous conference
E-learning
lerning supported by the web
Distance Learning
any learning situation in which student and instructor do not meet face-to-face.
Virtual Universities
online universities
Telecommuting
distributed workers with no permanent offices telecommute.
