Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is Consciousness ____
Awareness of ourselves and our environment
Characteristics of Consciousness ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Subjective Selective Divided Continuous Changing Many Levels
Consciousness Subjective ____
Cannot be shared with another person
Consciousness Selective ____
Can be aware of some things while ignoring others
Consciousness Divided ____
You can pay attention to two different things at once.
Consciousness Continuous ____
Each moment blends into the next moment.
Consciousness Changing ____
Awareness can shift within seconds.
Consciousness Many Levels ____
Can shift from focused awareness to deep sleep
Consciousness ____________ the continuous, altering flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations
The stream of consciousness -
Consciousness exists on many levels ____ ____ ____ ____
Conscious level,
Preconscious level,
Unconscious level,
Altered states
Evolutionary Value of Consciousness Darwin Two possible advantages of consciousness for our ancestors.____
more effectively plan future activities or
may have evolved as a means of categorizing and making sense of primitive emotions
Daily Body Rhythms Regulate Our Activities
Two categories for mammals based on their sleep cycles:____ ____
Diurnal mammals - awake during the day and asleep at night.
Nocturnal mammals - asleep during the day and awake at night (includes crepuscular – active at dusk and dawn).
Sleep-wakefulness cycles – called circadian rhythms____
behavioral cycle of sleep and wakefulness corresponds to physiological changes such as body temperature, blood pressure, and hormone levels
have evolved because they permit a species the maximum adaptation to its environment
Sleep and its Distinct Stages____
Sleep is a nonwaking state of consciousness characterized by minimal physical movement and minimal responsiveness to one’s surroundings.
The two most common EEG patterns that people experience while awake are ___ waves and ____ waves.
Beta-waves are very fast, low-amplitude brain waves associated with an active, alert state of mind.
Alpha-waves are fast, low-amplitude brain waves associated with a relaxed, wakeful state.
Stage 1: Alpha-wave EEG pattern ___
smaller, more rapid, irregular theta waves
Brief (lasts a few minutes) transitional state between wakefulness and sleep
Easily awakened
Stage 2: ____
Characterized by sleep spindles
Bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity (sleep spindles)
Stage 3: ____
deeper form of slow-wave sleep
Brain waves become higher in amplitude and slower in frequency
Stage 4: ____
Delta waves (slow, high-amplitude waves) Difficult to arouse a person in this stage
Stage 5 (REM): Brain waves become rapid Somewhat like waking alpha waves and stage 1 theta waves\_\_\_\_
Paralyzed , Heart rate and breathing increase
Vivid dreams occur in this stage
Your eyes begin darting back and forth
This phase of “active sleep” is called REM (rapid eye movement) sleep
Although sleep is essential in maintaining health, sleep experts are not quite sure why we need to sleep. ______ _____ ___
One of the most widely held theories is that sleep allows the brain and body to be restored following the rigors of daily activity.
Another theory contends that sleep is simply a product of our evolutionary heritage:
Sleep also conserves energy for that part of the day (daylight) in which our bodies are most efficient.
Sleep Disorders ____
Night terrors,Sleepwalking,Narcolepsy
,Sleep apnea,Insomnia
Sleep Habits Vary ____
Individually and Culturally
No Consensus on the Cause or Meaning of Dreams ____
While dreaming, most people are not aware they are dreaming: The dream is experienced as “real.”
Dream Theories ____ ____ ____ ____
Psychoanalytic,
Problem-solving,
Off-line ,
Activation-synthesis ,
Altered States of Consciousness ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Altered states of consciousness Sleep Hypnosis Religious experiences Meditation Drugs
