Chapter 6 Flashcards
What forms positively charged ions?
Atoms form positively charged ions when they lose electrons.
What forms negatively charged ions?
Atoms form negatively charged ions when they gain electrons.
How are ionic bonds formed?
Ionic bonds are formed by the strong attractive forces between positive and negative ions.
What do chemical bonds result from?
Chemical bonds are formed when atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons.
What occurs when valence electrons of a metal atom are transferred?
Ionic bonds occur when valence electrons of a metal atom are transferred to the atom of a nonmetal.
What occurs when nonmetal atoms share electrons?
Covalent bonds occur when nonmetal atoms share electrons to attain a noble gas arrangement.
What do metals in Group 1A, 2A, and 3A do in ionic bonding?
They readily lose one or more of their valence electrons to form ions with a positive charge.
What is the electronic configuration of sodium when it forms an ion?
Sodium will lose one electron to have the same number of valence electrons as neon.
How many electrons does magnesium lose to form an ion?
Magnesium will lose 2 electrons to have the same number of valence electrons as neon.
Which groups of nonmetals readily gain electrons?
Nonmetals in Group 5A, 6A, and 7A readily gain one or more valence electrons.
What charge does a chloride ion have after gaining an electron?
A chloride ion has a charge of 1- after gaining one electron.
What determines the charges for ions of representative elements?
The group numbers in the periodic table can be used to determine the charges.
What is the formula for an ion with 16 protons and 18 electrons?
The ion is S 2- (sulfide ion).
What are some properties of ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds consist of positive and negative ions, have high melting points, and are solids at room temperature.
What does a chemical formula represent?
The symbols and subscripts represent the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms or ions.
What is the process to balance ionic charge in a compound?
Total positive charge must equal total negative charge.
What does writing the ionic formula with Ba 2+ and Cl - ions yield?
The formula is BaCl2.
How are Type I binary ionic compounds named?
The cation is named first, followed by the root of the nonmetal with -ide.
What is the name of SrBr2?
The name is strontium bromide.
What is the charge on metals in Type II ionic compounds?
The charge on the metal ion must be specified with a Roman numeral.
How do you name binary covalent compounds?
The first element is named first, and the second is named as though it were an anion, using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms.
What are the examples of Type III binary compounds?
Examples include CO2 (carbon dioxide) and SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride).
What defines polyatomic ions?
Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed of several atoms bound together.
How do you name compounds containing polyatomic ions?
Naming ionic compounds with polyatomic ions follows rules similar to those for binary compounds.
What is the name for KNO3?
The name is potassium nitrate.
What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity indicates the attraction of an atom for shared electrons.
Which atom has the highest electronegativity?
Fluorine has the highest electronegativity.
What characterizes a nonpolar covalent bond?
A nonpolar covalent bond occurs between nonmetals with almost equal sharing of electrons.
What is the electronegativity difference in a polar covalent bond?
A polar covalent bond has a moderate electronegativity difference of 0.5 to 1.7.
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Ionic bonds occur between metal and nonmetal ions as a result of electron transfer while covalent bonds involve sharing electrons.
What is the electronegativity difference that indicates an ionic bond?
An ionic bond has a large electronegativity difference of 1.8 or more.
How do you use electronegativity differences to identify bond types?
Use values to classify bonds as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.
What type of bond is formed between K and N based on electronegativity?
The bond is ionic.
What type of bond is formed between N and O based on electronegativity?
The bond is polar covalent.
What occurs between two nonmetals in covalent bonding?
There is an equal or almost equal sharing of electrons.
What defines binary compounds?
Binary compounds are composed of two elements.
What is the rule for naming binary ionic compounds?
A simple cation takes its name from the element, while simple anions take the root of the element name plus -ide.
What is the difference between Type I and Type II ionic compounds?
Type I contains cations that form only one charge; Type II can form multiple charges.
Which transition metals are classified under Type I?
Zn 2+, Cd 2+, and Ag + are classified under Type I.
What charge does iron (III) have?
Iron (III) has a charge of +3.
What is the name for CuBr?
The name is copper(I) bromide.
How is CrO2 named?
The name is chromium(IV) oxide.
What is the preferred name for N2O5?
The preferred name is dinitrogen pentoxide.
What are dinitrogen tetroxide and its formula?
The name is N2O4.
What type of bond does NaHCO3 represent?
The bond type is ionic.
What happens to electronegativity moving down a group?
Electronegativity decreases going down a group.
What type of bonding occurs in Cl-K?
The bond is ionic.
What’s the bond type for H-Si?
The bond is nonpolar covalent.
What is the name for P2O5?
The name is diphosphorus pentoxide.
