Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are elements?
Elements are pure substances from which all other things are built.
Can elements be broken down into simpler substances?
No, elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
How are elements organized in the periodic table?
Elements are organized into groups with similar properties and placed in order of increasing atomic mass.
What is the learning goal regarding element names and symbols?
Given the name of an element, write its correct symbol; from the symbol, write the correct name.
Where can you find a list of elements in this text?
The list of elements is found on the inside front cover of this text.
What do chemical symbols represent?
Chemical symbols represent the names of the elements.
What is the characteristic of one-letter symbols in chemistry?
One-letter symbols consist of one letter and start with a capital letter.
What is the characteristic of two-letter symbols in chemistry?
Two-letter symbols consist of two letters, with the first being a capital letter and the second a lowercase letter.
What are some examples of chemical symbols for elements?
- C for carbon
- N for nitrogen
- O for oxygen
- Mg for magnesium
What are group 1A elements known as?
Group 1A elements are known as alkali metals.
What are the properties of alkaline earth metals?
Alkaline earth metals are shiny but not as reactive as alkali metals.
What defines metals, nonmetals, and metalloids in the periodic table?
Metals are located to the left, nonmetals to the right, and metalloids along the zigzag line.
What is the atomic theory proposed by Dalton?
Atoms are tiny particles of matter that combine to form compounds and are rearranged in chemical reactions.
What charges do protons, neutrons, and electrons have?
- Protons have a positive charge
- Neutrons have no charge
- Electrons have a negative charge
What is the nucleus of an atom?
The nucleus is located in the center of the atom and contains protons and neutrons.
What is an atomic mass unit (amu)?
An atomic mass unit is a very small unit of mass used in chemistry.
What is the relationship between the atomic number and the number of protons?
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an atom.
What is the mass number?
The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom.
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different mass numbers.
What is atomic mass?
Atomic mass is the weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.
What are the types of electron orbitals?
- s
- p
- d
- f
How are Lewis symbols represented?
Lewis symbols represent the valence electrons as dots placed around the symbol for an element.
What is ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an outermost electron.
How does atomic size change across periods and groups?
Atomic size increases down a group and decreases across a period.
How is metallic character defined in the periodic table?
Metallic character increases down a group and decreases across a period.
