chapter 6 Flashcards
Define health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Define fitness
The ability to meet/cope with the demands of the environment
Define wellbeing
A mix of physical, social and mental factors that gives people a sense of being comfortable, healthy and happy
What are the 3 components of health?
- Physical
- Mental
- Social
Define physical health and well-being
All body systems working well, free from illness and injury. Ability to carry out everyday tasks
How can exercise positively affect physical health? Name a few examples.
- Improved heart function
- Reduce risk of some illnesses (e.g., diabetes)
- Helps prevent onset of obesity
Define social health and well-being
Basic human needs are being met. The individual has friendship and support, some value in society, is socially active and has little stress in social circumstances.
Definitely mental health and well-being
A state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to,e to make a contribution to his or her community
How can exercise positively affect mental health? Name a few examples
Reduces stress/tension levels
Release fell good hormones in the body (serotonin etc)
Enable a person to control their emotions and work productively
How can exercise positively affect social health? Name a few examples
Provides opportunities to socialise/make friends
Encourages cooperation/teamwork skills
Ensures that essential human needs are met
What will improvements in fitness do?
Improved your ability to cope with the demands of your environment
Reduce the chance of you suffering injury
Make you feel more content/happy (improves wellbeing)
Define sedentary lifestyle (1 mark)
A persons choice to engage in little or irregular physical activity.
Name a few consequences of choosing a sedentary lifestyle
Gaining weight/becoming obese
Heart disease
Hypertension
Poor self-esteem/confidence
Define obesity
A term used to describe people with a large fat content, caused by an imbalance of calories consumed to energy expenditure.
How can obesity affect fitness?
It can limit cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, agility and speed and power.
What are physical effects of obesity?
Contributes to the development of cancer
Contributes to an increase of diabetes
Contributes to an increase in blood pressure
What are mental effects of obesity?
Can lead to depression
Can cause a loss of confidence
Can make the individual feel like they can’t contribute to society
What are social effects of obesity?
Can lead to an inability to socialise
May make the individual feel unable to leave home
May make the individual conscious of how they look, and therefore uncomfortable in social situations
What are the 3 somatotypes?
ectomorph, mesomorph, endomorph
What are physical characteristics of an ectomorph?
Very thin and lean
Narrow shoulders, hips and chest
Not much fat/muscle
Long arms and legs
Thin face and high forehead
Which activities tend to suit an ectomorph?
High jump
Long jump
Tennis
Endurance activities (eg marathon)
Define Ectomorph
A somatotype characterised by being tall and thin with narrow shoulders and hips.
Define endomorph
A somatotype characterised by a pear-shaped body with high fat content, wide hips and narrow shoulders
What are physical characteristics of an endomorph?
Pear-shaped body
Higher content of fat
Fat round middle, thighs and upper arms
What sports tend to suit endomorphs?
Front row forwards in rugby
Sumo wrestling
Shot
Define mesomorph
A somatotype characterised by muscular appearance with wide shoulders and narrow hips.
What are physical characteristics of a mesomorph?
Rectangular shape in men, hourglass shape in women
High muscle content
Broad shoulders and thin shoulders
What sports tend to suit a mesomorph?
Sprinting
Weightlifting
Rugby players
How are calories (kcal) obtained?
From the food and drink we consume
What are the average calorie requirements for a male and female per day?
Male - 2500
Female - 2000
What factors affect the average calorie intake per person?
Age
Gender
Height- when you are taller you need more calories (larger skeleton)
Energy expenditure
BMR
Define a balanced diet
Eating the right amount (for energy expended) the right amount of calories/eating according to how much you exercise/eating different food types to provide suitable nutrients, vitamins and minerals
Define vitamins
essential organic molecules, nutrients your body needs in small amounts to grow, reproduce, and maintain good health
Define minerals
An inorganic substance that assist the body with many of its functions
Define carbohydrates
Food source that acts as the body’s preferred energy source
Define fat
Food source that provides energy at low intensities
What risks do a high fat intake lead to?
High cholesterol
Heart disease
Narrowing of arteries due to fat deposits
Define protein
Food source which is predominantly for growth and repair of body tissues
Give examples of uses of vitamins and minerals
Vitamin A for structure and function of skin
Calcium for bone formation
Define hydration
Having enough water to enable normal functioning of the body
Define rehydration
Consuming water to restore hydration.
Define dehydration
excessive loss of water from the body, interrupting the normal functioning of the body.
