Chapter 6 Flashcards
what age group does injuries cause more deaths in
the age group of 4 years and younger
what are some major factors in the increase of injuries during early childhood
- unrestricted freedom achieved through locomotion
- unawareness of danger within the environment
- injury prevention is extremely important in all age groups especially childhood
- the need for the development of a safety plan in any environment that a child is cared for is essential
how long should an infant be in rear-facing car seats for
until they are at least 1 year of age and weigh 10 kg (22 lb) - as long as the child meets the weight and height limits in the manufacturers instructions
when should the child be in a front-facing car seat
once the child is at least 10 kg (22lbs) and older than 12 months they can be in a forward-facing car seat and it should be used until the child is at least 18 kg (40lbs)
when can a belt-positioning booster seat
when the child is at least 18 kg (40lbs) a belt-positioning booster seat with the vehicle’s lap-shoulder seat belt can be used
when should a child be moved to a booster seat
they should not be moved to a booster seat before 4 years of age
when can the vehicle seat belt system be used
when the child is at least 145 cm (4’9”) tall or 9 years of age the vehicle seat belt system can be used
what is a 5 point harness
a 5 point harness is the webbing portion of the car seat that adjusts over the baby to hold him in the seat
where are the 5 points in the carseat
two of the points are at each shoulder, two of the points are at baby’s hips, and the final point is where the harness buckles between the baby’s legs
tips for motor vehicle injury prevention
- used federally approved car restraints
- supervise children that are playing outside
- do not allow a child to play on a curb or behind a parked car
- lock fences and doors if not directly supervising children
- teach children to obey pedestrian safety rules
- supervise tricycle riding
drowning
one of the top 5 leading causes of death in 2-4 years of age - this is not including those related to water transportation
tips to prevent injury from drowning
- supervise closely when near any source of water, including buckets
- keep bathroom doors closed
- have a fence around swimming pools or hot tubs and a locked gate
- teach water safety and swimming
burns/fire
one of the top 5 leading causes of accidental death in childhood, a child’s new ability to climb, stretch and reach objects above their head makes any hot surface a potential source of danger
what is a major source of burns for children
children pulling pots with hot liquids on top of themselves
what are the types of burns
- first degree / superficial burns
- second degree burns
- third degree burn
- fourth degree burn
first degree / superficial burns
- only affect the outer layer of the skin
- the burn site is red, painful, and dry
- mild sunburn is an example
- long term tissue damage is rare
second degree burns
- involve the top layer of the skin extending down into the 2nd layer
- burn site is red, blistered and very swollen and painful
third degree burns
- destroys all skin layers; burned area is painless as nerve endings are destroyed
- requires skin grafts, as regeneration is not possible
- burned area is blanched or black
fourth degree burn
- extends into deeper tissues
- appears dry and leathery
- requires surgery and grafting
- may require amputation
tips to avoid injury from burns
- turn pot handles toward back of stove
- place electrical appliances toward the back of the counter
- place guards in front of radiators, fireplaces or other heating elements
- store matches and lighters in locked areas
- do not let tablecloth hang within a child’s reach
choking
one of the top 5 leading causes of accidental death in children, usually by age 1 children chew well
tips to avoid choking
- avoid large, round chunks of meat such as hotdogs
- hotdogs should be cut lengthwise and into short pieces
- avoid fruit with pits, fish with bones, dried beans, chewing gum, nuts, popcorn, grapes and marshmallows
- remove the strings from blinds or keep them out of reach
poision
a substance, natural or synthetic, that causes damage to living tissues and has an injurious of fatal effect on the body
