Chapter 6 Flashcards
Primary emotions
Emotions that are present in humans and other animals and emerge early in life, examples are surprise, interest, joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust
Three types of cries
Basic: a pattern consisting of a cry, a brief silence, a shorter respiratory whistle that is higher pitched than the cry, and then a brief rest before the next cry
Anger: a variation of the basic cry with more access air force to the vocal cords
Pain: a sudden appearance of a long, initial loud cry with without any preliminary moaning, followed by breath holding
Stranger anxiety
The fear of strangers, that infants commonly display beginning of by about six months of age and peaks around the end of the first year
Chess and Thomas temperament
Easy, difficult, slow to warm up child
Goodness of fit
The match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with
Mirror and rouge test
A way of knowing if someone is self-aware, placing red mark on face of child and seeing if they try to take it off/knowing that it is their own face, they are looking at
Types of parental behaviors that create a sense of shame and doubt in children
Parents are impatient and don’t let toddlers do tasks themselves. Overprotect an over criticized accidents.
Social referencing
Reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation
Harlow surrogate mother experiments
Monkeys preferred contact with a comfortable cloth, mother, even while feeding from the nourishing wire mother, proves that comfort over nourishment is more crucial for attachment
Bowlby stages of attachment
1: birth-2 months attachment to human figures
2: 2-7 months attachment more focused of figure one
3: 7-24 months specific attachment developed. With increased locormotor skills.
4: 24 months on children become aware of others feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take these into account informing their own actions
Ainsworth strange situation test
A parent infant separation and reunion procedure that is staged in a laboratory to test the security of a child’s attachment
Securely attached babies
Babies who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment
Insecure/avoidant attachment
A pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems to not care about the caregiver’s presence, departure, or return
Insecure/resistant attachment
Often cling to the caregiver and then resisted by fighting against the closeness by kicking or pushing away. In a strange situation will cling to the caregiver and not play with toys/cry when she leaves, and then resist when she tries to come back and comfort.
Insecure/disorganized attachment
Appear disoriented. In strange situation, baby might seem dazed or confused and fearful. To be classified baby must show a strong patterns of avoidance or resistance, or display, extreme fearfulness around the caregiver.
Scaffolding
Practice in which parents time interactions so that the infants experience turn taking with the parent
Maternal vs Paternal activities
Maternal: feeding, changing diaper, or bathing
Paternal: playing, bounce, throw them in the air, and tickle them
