Chapter 2 Flashcards
Problems with evolved mechanisms that are no longer necessary
Eating a bunch of food or craving high calories diet when food wasn’t available would now cause childhood obesity
Mitosis vs Meiosis
Mitosis: one divided 2 identical cells (clones)
Meiosis: two divisions forming 4 different cells (gametes)
Chromosome pairs
Males: XY
Females: XX
Identical vs fraternal twins
Identical twins: result of one fertilized egg splitting, same DNA
Fraternal twins: result of two fertilized egg, DNA like any other sibling
Phenotype
An organisms physical appearance or visible traits, hair color
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism
Down syndrome symptoms
Extra chromosome, intellectual disability, epicanthal folds, flat face, heart disease
Sickle-cell anemia
A genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD)
Blood test that examines fetal DNA in the maternal bloodstream for risk of Down syndrome or a sex chromosomes abnormality, such as turner syndrome. Testing used to determine baby’s sex and Rh rhesus blood type
Infertility
Inability to conceive a child after 12 months of regular intercourse without contraception
Passive genotype-environmental correlations
Correlations that exists when the natural parents, who are genetically related to the child provide a rearing environment for the child. Musically inclined parents tend to have musically inclined children
Epigenetic View
Emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment
