chapter 6

Question 1

The cardiorespiratory system is comprised of …

Answer 1

the heart, blood, blood vessels, and lungs.

Question 2

The respiratory system is comprised of…

Answer 2

the respiratory airways, lungs, and respiratory muscles.

Question 3

The heart is contained in

Answer 3

the mediastinum.

Question 4

A normal heart rate ranges from

Answer 4

60 to 100 beats per minute.

Question 5

Each side of the heart has two chambers:

Answer 5

an atrium and a ventricle.

Question 6

The body will increase the heart rate in response to

Answer 6

exercise and decrease the heart rate during sleep.

Question 7

The electrical conduction system of the heart is responsible for…

Answer 7

the heart’s function and begins with the sinoatrial node, which is in the right atrium.

Question 8

The sinoatrial node is referred to as

Answer 8

the pacemaker of the heart

Question 9

To where does the SA node send electrical signals?

Answer 9

sends the electrical signal to the atrioventricular node and ultimately into the ventricles.

Question 10

The right atrium gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body and then sends it to the…

Answer 10

… right ventricle and to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 11

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the

Answer 11

… left ventricle to be pumped out into the body.

Question 12

Special valves are present in the heart to ensure that…

Answer 12

… blood is pumped in a one-way fashion.

Question 13

The pulmonary artery transports…

Answer 13

deoxygenated blood from the right ventricles to the lungs,

Question 14

the pulmonary vein transports…

Answer 14

… oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Question 15

As part of the normal integrated functioning of the cardiorespiratory system, the carbon dioxide from the deoxygenated blood pumped into

Answer 15

the lungs from the right ventricle and is ultimately expelled to the environment through normal expiration.

Question 16

Stroke volume is:

Answer 16

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

Question 17

End-diastolic volume is

Answer 17

the volume of blood in the ventricle prior to contraction,

Question 18

the end-systolic volume is:

Answer 18

the amount of blood present in the ventricle after contraction.

Question 19

Stroke volume is ultimately:

Answer 19

a product of end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume.

Question 20

Cardiac output is

Answer 20

the volume of blood pumped out of the heart in a minute and is a function of both heart rate and stroke volume.

Question 21

Normal blood pressure is:

Answer 21

a systolic less than 120 mm Hg with a diastolic of less than 80 mm Hg.

Question 22

Arteries transport blood:

Answer 22

away from the heart to the body,

Question 23

veins transport blood…

Answer 23

back to the heart, and capillaries function as an exchange channel between the vessels and bodily tissues.

Question 24

Breathing (ventilation) is divided into two phases, referred to as:

Answer 24

inspiration and expiration.

Question 25

The respiratory system is tasked with:

Answer 25

bringing in oxygen, filtering air from inspiration, and subsequently oxygenating blood from the heart as well as exhaling carbon dioxide.

Question 26

A normal respiratory rate is

Answer 26

12 to 16 breaths per minute and relies on the primary respiratory muscles (diaphragm and intercostals).

Question 27

During normal inspiration, what happens?

Answer 27

active contraction of respiratory muscles occurs, whereas relaxation occurs during expiration.

Question 28

During forced or heavy breathing, what happens?

Answer 28

expiratory ventilation relies on secondary muscles to compress the thoracic cavity and force air out.

Question 29

Diffusion is :

Answer 29

a term used to describe the process of getting oxygen from the environment to the body’s tissues.