Chapter 6 Flashcards
How to treat neutropenia due to drug toxicity?
Give G-CSF or GM-CSF….
What is the most sensitive/earliest change to emerge after whole body radiation?
Lymphopenia (decreased number of lymphocytes)
In response to bacterial infection, see neutrophilic leukocytosis. What characterizes the immature cells (band cells)
Decreased Fc receptors (CD16). Don’t function quite as well…
During Hodgkin lymphomas, often see eosinophilia. What drives this?
Eosinophilic Chemotactic factor (Il-5).
When do you see basophilia?
CML
With what bacterial infection do you classically see LYMPHOCYTIC leukocytosis and why?
Bordetella pertussis. Produces lymphocytosis-promoting factor, which blocks circulating lymphocytes from leaving blood…
During infectious mononucleosis, what part of the lymph node expands to cause lymphadenopathy and with what cell type?
The paracortex expands, filled with CD8+ T cells…
During infectious mononucleosis, what part of the spleen expands leading to splenomegaly?
The Peri-Articular Lymphatic Sheath (PALS), also filled with CD8+ T cells…
What do you see in the WBC during infectious mononucleosis?
Incerased WBC with atypical lymphocytes (reactive CD8+ T cells)
If a patient has all of the symptoms of mono but a negative monospot test, what do they have?
CMV
Major complication of infectious mononucleosis?
SPLENIC RUPTURE!
What staining do you see with B-ALL?
TdT + (lymphoblastic) AND CD10, CD19, or CD20
What is TdT staining?
Stains for a DNA polymerase found in the nucleus of lymphoblasts…
Cytogenic abnormality seen in B-ALL commonly found in children?
t(12;21). Good prognosis
Cytogenic abnormality seen in B-ALL commonly found in adults?
t(9;22). Philadelphia. Worse prognosis…
What staining do you see with T-ALL?
TdT+ and CD2-CD8
Down syndrome is linked with leukemias. Which two do you frequently see and at what age?
Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia 5 yo.
What staining do you see with AML?
Myeloperoxidase + and Auer Rods (crystal aggregates of MPO)
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is due to what cytogenic abnormality, causes what complications, and can be treated how?
t(15;17), translocation of RAR on 17 to 15. This allows them to dimerize, inhibits signally, blocks maturation…
Causes DIC!!!
Treat with all-trans-retinoic acid!
Symptoms of Acute monocytic leukemia?
Infiltrate gums, cause inflammation and bleeding.
What markers are expressed on CLL?
CD5 and CD20. Neoplastic proliferation of naive B cells, but CD5 (normally on T cells) erroneously expressed…
What markers are expressed on Hairy Cell Leukemia and it is a cancer of what type of cell?
Neoplastic proliferation of mature B cells with hairy cytoplasmic processes. Positive for TRAP
Clinical features of hairy cell leukemia?
- Splenomegaly (due to accumulation of hairy cells in RED PULP)
- Marrow fibrosis
- Lymphadenopathy normally absent.
How to treat Hairy Cell Leukemia?
Cladribine (2-CDA), an adenosine deaminase inhibitor. Get excellent results.