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Pathoma > Chapter 19 - Skin > Flashcards

Chapter 19 - Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the epidermis, bottom up.

A
  1. Stratum basalis (stem cell)
  2. Statum spinosum (desmosomes!)
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum corneum
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2
Q

What type of immune response is Eczema? What is it associated with?

A

Type I. Associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis.

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3
Q

What type of bacteria causes acne?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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4
Q

Acanthosis = ?

A

Epidermal hyperplasia

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5
Q

Parakeratosis =

A

Kyperkeratosis with retention of keratinocyte nuclei in stratum corneum.

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6
Q

Histology findings with Psoriasis? (4)

A
  1. Acanthosis
  2. Parakeratosis
  3. Munro microabscesses (collection of neutrophils in the stratum corneum)
  4. Auspitz sign (bleeding when scale picked off).
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7
Q

5 P’s of Lichen Planus?

A

Pruritic, planar, polygonal, purple papules.

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8
Q

Histological appearance of Lichen Planus?

A

‘Saw-tooth’ appearance.

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9
Q

what is Lichen Planus associated with?

A

Chronic Hep C infection.

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10
Q

Presentation of Pemphigus Vulgaris and target of autoimmune destruction?

A

Presents as skin and oral mucosa bullae, positive Nikolsky sign. Due to autoimmune destruction of DESMOSOMES.

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11
Q

Presentation of Bullous Pemphigoid and target of autoimmune destruction?

A

Presents as skin bullae ONLY (no mucosal involvement), negative Nikolsky sign. Due to autoimmune destruction of hemidesmosomes. More mild than Pemphigus vulgaris.

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12
Q

What is Dermatitis Herpetiformis and what is it associated with?

A

Autoimmune deposition of IgA at the tips of dermal papillae, presents as pruritic vesicles that are herpetiform (grouped).

Strong associated with CELIAC DISEASE.

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13
Q

What is Erythema Multiforme associated with?

A

HSV infections, Mycoplasma, drugs (penicillin and sulfonamides), autoimmune disease (SLE), and malignancy.

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14
Q

Waxy, ‘stuck on’ appearance, with keratin pseudocysts ???

A

Seborrheic Keratosis

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15
Q

What is Leser-Trélat sign?

A

The sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratosis. Indicates underlying carcinoma (GI)

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16
Q

What is Acanthosis Nicricans and what is it associated with?

A

Epidermal hyperplasia with darkening of the skin. Associated with insulin resistance and malignance (esp. gastric carcinoma).

17
Q

What type of skin cancer appears on the upper lip?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

18
Q

Histology of Basal cell carcinoma?

A

Nodules of basal cells with peripheral palisading.

19
Q

Keratin pearls = ???

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

20
Q

What type of skin cancer appears on the lower lip?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

21
Q

What is a precursor of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Actinic Keratosis

22
Q

What is a keratoacanthoma?

A

Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that develops rapidly and regresses spontaneously. Presents as a cup shaped tumor filled with keratin debris.

23
Q

What cell type do melanocytes derive from?

A

Neural Crest Cells

24
Q

Where is melanin made and what is the precursor molecule?

A

Made in melanosomes using tyrosine.

25
Q

Cause of Vitiligo?

A

Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes.

26
Q

Common cause of Albinism?

A

Enzyme defect (usually tyrosinase) that impairs melanin production.

27
Q

What causes freckles (ephelis)?

A

Increased number of melanosomes, NOT melanocytes.

28
Q

ABCDE’s of melanoma?

A 
Asymmetry
Border irregular
Color not uniform
Diameter >6mm
Evolution
29
Q

Most important factor for predicting metastasis in melanoma?

A

Depth

30
Q

Common bacterial cause of impetigo?

A

Staph aureus OR Staph pyogenes

31
Q

Common bacterial cause of cellulitis?

A

Staph aureus OR Staph pyogenes.

32
Q

What cellular component causes Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome?

A

Exfoliative A and B toxins lead to epidermolysis of stratum granulosum… (Staph aureus)

33
Q

What do firm, pink, umbilicated papules indicate (most often in children…)

A

Mulluscum Contagiosum (due to POXVIRUS)

Pathoma (15 decks)

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