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PS101 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is consciousness

A

Everything you are thinking about right now

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2
Q

What are altered states of consciousness

A
  • Being asleep
  • Having a dream
  • Hypnosis
  • Meditation
  • Anesthesia
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3
Q

Conscious awareness (2 components)

A
  1. State of consciousness- level of awareness for our external surroundings and internal states
  2. Contents consciousness- specific thoughts we are aware if about our internal states or external surroundings
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4
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

Failure to notice things around us to which we are not paying attention

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5
Q

Damage affects to Intralaminar nuclei and midline nuclei of the thalamus

A

Damage bilaterally- coma
Damage unilaterally- loss of awareness

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6
Q

What is conscious awareness

A
  • Being aware of what has caught our attention
  • Self develops seems to develop around 18 months. Ex. After hours of driving, that person may suddenly realize that they have no memory of the past few hours
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7
Q

What is Preconsciousness

A

Level of awareness in which information can become readily available to consciousness if necessary. Ex. One may not be thinking (conscious) of his address but readily recalls it when asked

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8
Q

What is Unconsciousness state

A

State in which information is not easily accessible to conscious awareness

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9
Q

2 types of memories

A

Explicit memory- involves pieces of knowledge that we are fully aware of
Implicit memory- knowledge that we have stored in memory that we are not typically aware of or able to recall at will

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10
Q

Adaptive Theory of sleep

A

Theory that organisms sleep for the purpose of self - preservation, to keep away from predators

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11
Q

Restoration theory

A

Holds that sleep restores our brain and bodies

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12
Q

Circadian ryhthm

A

24 hour cycle of which of the sleep/wake cycle is one. The sleep/wake cycle is controlled by suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus

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13
Q

Sleep cycles

A

90-100 minute per cycle
We have up to five cycles a night

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14
Q

Stage 1 of sleep- 5 min

A

-Transition into sleep
- HR, slows ,BP decreases

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15
Q

Stage 2- harder to wake up 15-20 min

A
  • More relaxed
  • burst of brain waves(spindles)
  • insomnia may occur
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16
Q

Stage 3 deeper sleep- 5-15 min

A
  • Theta waves and delta waves
17
Q

Stage 4 deepest sleep 20-30 min

A
  • Slow HR, brain and body in total relaxation
  • Deepest sleep
  • Mostly delta waves
  • Sleepwalking and bedwetting more likely
18
Q

Freudian dream theory

A

Dreams represent the expression of unconscious wishes or desires

19
Q

Chronic sleep loss results in…

A

Depressed state
Lower immune system
Lower ability to concentrate
Higher incidence of accidenrs
Lower productitivy and higher likelihood of making mistakes

20
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Repeatedly stops breathing during night

21
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks

22
Q

Night terrors

A

Child goes panic; goes back to sleep immediately does not remember the event in the morning

23
Q

How hypnosis works; 2 possible mechanisms

A

Social/cognitive theory
- Participant is highly motivated to believe in hypnosis and without awareness works hard to ignore the pain

Divided consciousness theory
- a psychological theory that describes a state where a person’s consciousness is split into separate components

24
Q

Meditation

A

A technique designed to turn one’s consciousness away from the outer world toward one’s inner cues and awareness

25
Q

2 types of meditation

A

Opening up approach- clear one’s mind in order to receive new experiences

Concentrative meditation- actively concentrate on an object, word or idea called mantra

26
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Any substance that alters mood, perception, awareness or thought

27
Q

3 categories on psychoactive drugs- DEPRESSANTS

A

Depressants - act on the central nervous system (CNS) to suppress bodily processes

Alcohol- influences GABAergic neurons

Opioids- (opium heroin, morphine,codeine,methadone) activates the opioids receptors in the brain, providing their analgesic effect and their related high

28
Q

3 categories on psychoactive drugs- STIMULANTS

A

Caffeine- works on adenosine neurons

Nicotine - influences dopamine and acetylcholine neurons

Cocaine - blocks neuronal reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin

Amphetamines- increases release of dopamine and norepinephrine

29
Q

3 categories on psychoactive drugs- Hallucinogens

A

LSD- stimulates dopamine and serotonin receptors
Cannabis- stimulates release of endorphins and dopamine
MDMA(ecstasy)- leads to ab increase of serotonin

PS101 (3 decks)

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