chapter 12

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

The unique characteristics that account for enduring patterns of inner experience and outward behavior

Question 2

Freud and psychoanalytic theory

Answer 2

Based on his clinical practice(seeing patients), he decided that people are influenced by their ”unconscious”

Question 3

Conscious

Answer 3

the thoughts and feelings that we are aware of any given moment

Question 4

Preconscious

Answer 4

holds memories or feelings that we aren’t consciously thinking about, but can be brought to consciousness

Question 5

Unconsciousness

Answer 5

when a person is unable to respond to people and activities

Question 6

ID-basic instinctual drives

Answer 6

• Present at birth, largely unconscious
• pleasure princple

Question 7

EGO- rational thoughts

Answer 7

• conscious
• Develops due to learning
• Reality principle

Question 8

Super ego-moral limits

Answer 8

• Develops during child ”voice in ur head” (from coaches or parents)
• We internalize, or unconsciously adopt, the values and norms of others. Our conscience leads us to feel guilt and anxiety
• Moral principle

Question 9

Defense mechanisms

Answer 9

unconsciousness tactics to protect us from anxiety and internal conflict dealing with id impulses

Question 10

Repression

Answer 10

keeps unpleasant thoughts buried deeply in unconscious mind

Question 11

who are the 3 Neo-Freudians

Answer 11

Alfred adler, Carl jung, Karen horney

Question 12

What do they believe in?

Answer 12

Believe that human functioning is shaped by interacting, or dynamic, psychological forces

Question 13

Alfred adler

Answer 13

Social, not sexual, needs and conscious thoughts are critical in the development of personality

Question 14

Carl jung

Answer 14

Unconscious has two parts:
* Personal unconscious -
formed through individual
experiences
* Collective unconscious -
inherited memories shared by
all humankind

Question 15

Karen Horney

Answer 15

Basic anxiety - develops in
children who experience extreme
feelings of isolation and
helplessness; sets the stage for
later neurosis

Question 16

who is in the humanistic perspective

Answer 16

Carl Rogers and Abraham maslow

Question 17

Abraham maslow

Answer 17

people have a number of basic needs that must be met before people move up the hierarchy to pursue more social, emotional, and self-actualizing needs

Question 18

Carl rogers

Answer 18

Humans are fundamentally positive and strive for self-actualization

Question 19

Personality traits

Answer 19

tendencies to behave in certain ways that remain relatively constant across situations

Question 20

Situationism

Answer 20

behaviour is governed by situations rather
than internal traits

Question 21

Interactionism

Answer 21

emphasizes the relationship between a person’s underlying personality traits and the reinforcing aspects of the situations in which people choose to put themselves.

Question 22

Biological foundations of personality

Answer 22

Genes are more important than environment in development of temperament and traits